孤独症谱系障碍患者社会注意缺陷的眼动追踪研究  

Eye tracking studies related to social attention deficits in autism spectrum disorders

作　　者：张轶凡 李丹丹[1] 张龙[2] 汪凯[1] 朱春燕[1] Zhang Yifan;Li Dandan;Zhang Long;Wang Kai;Zhu Chunyan(School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences,Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230022,China;Department of Neurology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230022,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学精神卫生与心理科学学院,合肥230022 [2]安徽医科大学第一附属医院神经内科,合肥230022

出　　处：《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》2022年第1期89-94,共6页Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81771456);安徽省省属高校与人工智能研究院协同创新项目(GXXT-2021-003)。

摘　　要：孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)是一类神经发育障碍,社会功能受损是ASD个体的一种核心特征。社会注意缺陷是其社会功能受损的一个重要表现形式,主要体现于对面孔和社交互动的注视。眼动追踪技术是一种客观敏感的非侵入性测查工具,其应用使得对ASD个体核心特征的测量更为准确和客观。梳理近年来的研究发现,ASD个体社会注意的眼动刺激类型逐渐从面孔图像加工向社会互动场景转变,从静态呈现形式向动态呈现形式发展,多维度体现了ASD个体社会注意的眼动研究进展。这些研究表明,ASD个体较少注视面孔区域,对面孔中眼睛区域的注视更少。目前较多研究运用眼动追踪技术,通过对情绪面孔注视的分析发现,ASD个体对眼睛注视的减少是由于威胁性面孔带来的不适感,这些研究结果验证了有关ASD个体社会注意受损的"注视厌恶"假说。相关神经机制研究发现ASD个体普遍对环境中的社会线索缺乏注意,杏仁核、梭状回、颞上沟和前脑岛等脑区与ASD个体社会注意相关,尤其是与颞上沟、前脑岛的背侧和腹侧等。未来研究应进一步探索ASD社会注意缺陷的认知神经机制,以及眼动追踪技术等先进信息技术在ASD患者康复中的应用。Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders.Impaired social functioning is a core characteristic of individuals with ASD.Social attention deficits are important manifestation of their impaired social functioning.And it mainly reflected in the gaze on faces and social interactions.Eye movement technology is an objective and sensitive non-invasive measurement tool.Its application makes the measurement of individual core characteristics of ASD more accurate and objective.A review of recent studies revealed that the type of eye-movement stimuli for social attention in patients with AD gradually shifted from face image processing to social interaction scenes,and developed from static presentation to dynamic presentation.Dimensional embodiment of the progress of eye-movement studies of social attention in individuals with ASD.These studies suggest that individuals with ASD are less likely to gaze at the face region and the eye region of the face.More studies are currently using eye-tracking technology,and the analysis of emotional face gaze reveals that,the reduction in eye gaze in individuals with ASD is due to the discomfort associated with threatening faces.These findings validate the"gaze aversion"hypothesis regarding impaired social attention in individuals with ASD.Related neural mechanism studies have found a general lack of attention to social cues in the environment in individuals with ASD.Brain regions such as the amygdala,cingulate gyrus,superior temporal sulcus and anterior insula are associated with social attention in individuals with ASD.Especially with the superior temporal sulcus,the dorsal and ventral sides of the anterior insula,and so on.Future research should explore the cognitive neural mechanisms of social attention deficits in ASD,and the application of advanced information technology,such as eye-tracking technology,in the rehabilitation of patients with ASD.

关 键 词：孤独症谱系障碍 社会注意 眼动追踪技术 注视厌恶 注视冷漠 情绪面孔 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]