《金瓶梅词话》中的反训词  

Enantiosemy Words in Jin Ping Mei Ci Hua

作　　者：杨琳[1] Yang Lin(College of Literature,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院,天津300071

出　　处：《长江学术》2022年第2期103-111,共9页Yangtze River Academic

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“金瓶梅词汇研究百年终结”(18BYY151)。

摘　　要：简单地说,反训是一个词具有两个相反意义的词义现象,但细究起来,具体情况相当复杂。比如怎样界定意义的相反?相反的意义必须是共时还是历时也算?共时和历时如何区分?是独立的义位还是临时的语境义?独立与临时如何判定?是同一词的引申义还是外来寄生义?是词还是词组?等等。这些问题在理论上本就莫衷一是,若落实到一些具体词语,就难免见仁见智了。《金瓶梅词话》中的反训词可从成因的角度分为六种类型:行为目的不同造成的反训、反语造成的反训、同一行为涉及两端造成的反训、行为的受事及与事不同造成的反训、焦点效应造成的反训、不同义位引申造成的反训。原则上,反训指一个词自身引申而产生的两个相反相对的词义的现象,但鉴于反训具体情况的复杂性,选取讨论对象时宜从宽不从严,这不仅对正确理解古代相关文献有实用意义,而且对深入考查词义之间错综复杂的关系也有益处。In short,enantiosemy is a phenomenon that a word has two opposite meanings,but the specific situation is quite complex.For example,how to define the opposite of meaning?The opposite meaning must be synchronic or also diachronic?How to distinguish synchronic and diachronic?Is it an independent sememe or a temporary contextual meaning?How to judge independence and temporary?Is it an extended meaning of the same word or a foreign parasitic meaning?Is it a word or a phrase?and so on.There is no consensus on these issues in theory.If some specific words are involved,it is inevitable that different people will have different opinions.This paper examines and explains the enantiosemy words in,which can be divided into six types from the genesis:enantiosemy caused by different behavioral purposes,enantiosemy caused by irony,enantiosemy caused by the same behavior involving both ends,enantiosemy caused by the difference of recipients and participants of an action,enantiosemy caused by spotlight effect,enantiosemy caused by the extension of different sememes,.In principle,we agree with the view that enantiosemy refers to two opposite and relative meanings derived from the extension of a word itself.However,due to the complexity of the specific situation of enantiosemy,selection of discussion objects should be lenient,it is not only of practical significance to correctly understand the relevant ancient documents,but also beneficial to deeply examine the complex relationship between word meanings.

关 键 词：反训 《金瓶梅词话》 词义 

分 类 号：I207.419[文学—中国文学] H134[语言文字—汉语]