2005—2019年云南省毒蘑菇中毒流行病学特征及空间相关分析  

Epidemiological characteristics and spatial correlation analysis of mushroom poisoning in Yunnan Province from 2005 to 2019

作　　者：沈秀莲[1] 黄甜[1] 贾豫晨 何继波[1] 郑尔达 彭霞[1] SHEN Xiulian;HUANG Tian;JIA Yuchen;HE Jibo;ZHENG Erda;PENG Xia(Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yunnan Kunming 650022,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省疾病预防控制中心,云南昆明650022

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2022年第1期153-158,共6页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

摘　　要：目的分析云南省毒蘑菇中毒事件的流行特征及空间相关分布,为制定云南省蘑菇中毒事件有效防控策略和措施提供科学依据。方法通过突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统收集2005—2019年云南省报告的毒蘑菇中毒事件的相关信息,描述和分析时间、发生场所、空间相关性和毒蘑菇种类等流行病学特征。结果2005—2019年云南省共报告毒蘑菇中毒事件起数316起,发病人数2009人,死亡人数472人,病死率为23.49%(472/2009)。中毒事件发生的高峰为每年的6—8月,占事件总起数的83.86%(265/316)。云南省16个地市均有毒蘑菇中毒事件发生,文山州、楚雄州、临沧市、红河哈尼族彝族自治州为高发地区,129个县区中有91个县区报告了毒蘑菇中毒事件。家庭是毒蘑菇中毒的主要发生场所,占中毒事件总起数的84.49%(267/316)。农村毒蘑菇中毒事件发生率高于城市,农村占比87.97%(278/316)。误采误食(占78.80%,249/316)是毒蘑菇中毒的主要原因。中毒类别主要以致命鹅膏菌(占27.53%,87/316)、亚稀褶黑菇(占17.09%,54/316)和网孢海氏牛肝菌(占13.29%,42/316)为主。结论毒蘑菇中毒是云南省食物中毒事件死亡的主要原因。应在我省发生毒蘑菇中毒事件的"热点"地区,在高发季节前,重点在农村地区和针对易引起中毒的蘑菇种类开展多种形式的毒蘑菇中毒的食品安全健康教育,同时加强食品安全监管,提高农村基层医疗机构对毒蘑菇中毒救治的能力。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatial correlation distribution of mushroom poisoning in Yunnan Province from 2005 to 2019,and provide scientific evidence for the control and prevention strategy.Methods Data of mushroom poisoning incidents from 2005 to 2019 was collected from the China Information System for public health emergency report and management.The epidemiological characteristics of time,place of occurrence,spatial correlation,and types of poisonous mushrooms were described.Results From 2005 to 2019,Yunnan Province reported a total of 316 events of mushroom poisoning,the number of cases was 2009,the number of deaths was 472,and the case fatality rate was 23.49%(472/2009).The peak of poisoning incidents was from June to August each year,accounting for 83.86%(265/316)of the total number of incidents.Mushroom poisoning incidents occurred in all 16 prefectures in Yunnan Province.Wenshan,Chuxiong,Lincangy and Honghe were high-incidence areas.Among 129 counties,91 counties reported mushroom poisoning incidents.Homes were the main place where mushroom poisoning occured,accounting for 84.49%(267/316)of the total number of poisoning incidents.The incidence of mushroom poisoning in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas,accounting for 87.97%(278/316).Picking and eating by mistake(78.80%,249/316)was the main cause of poisonous mushroom poisoning.The main types of poisoning were Amanita exitialis(27.53%,87/316),Russula subnigricans Hongo(17.09%,54/316)and Heimioporus retisporus(13.29%,42/316).Conclusion Mushroom poisoning was the main cause of death from food poisoning incidents in Yunnan Province.In the“hot spot”areas where mushroom poisoning incidents occurred,prior to the high-incidence season,various forms of food safety and health education and food safety supervision of mushroom poisoning should be focused on rural areas and high risk mushroom species.Meantime,the ability of rural primary medical institutions should be improved to treat poisonous mushroom poisoning.

关 键 词：毒蘑菇中毒 云南 流行病学特征 空间相关性 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]