汉译佛经中“等”的特殊用法、性质及其来源  

The Special Usage,Nature and Source of"Deng(等)"in Chinese Buddhist Scriptures

作　　者：周晓彦 龙国富[2] Zhou Xiaoyan;Long Guofu(Luoyang Normal University;Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]洛阳师范学院文学院 [2]中国人民大学文学院

出　　处：《励耘语言学刊》2021年第2期143-163,共21页

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“近代汉语后期语法演变与现代汉语通语及方言格局形成之关系研究”(项目编号:19ZDA310)。

摘　　要：汉译佛经中“等”的特殊用法表现在:能于代词(包括人称代词和指示代词)之后表复数,能于指人名词、动植物名词和无生命名词之后表复数,能于“诸+名词”和“确数词+名词”结构之后表复数,并以此与表单数的代词、名词相区别。文章进一步论证了以上用法中“等”的性质是复数词尾,并通过梵汉对勘证明了“等”这一新语法功能的产生是语言接触的产物。“非生命体名词+等”这一形式未被汉语所继承,是由汉语自身性质所决定的。其单、复数形式对立观念对汉语产生了一定的影响。The special usage of"Derrg(等)"in Chinese Buddhist scriptures is shown in the following aspects:it can expresses the plural meaning by attaching to the pronoun(both personal pronoun and demonstrative pronoun)and nouns refeiring to people,animals and plants,and inanimate objects;it also can be used to represent the plural after the"Z/iu(诸)+nounM and u exact quantity+nounn constructions.And these show the difference with singular pronoun or noun,in addition,it demonstrates that the nature of the"Deng(等)"is the plural suffix.Finally,the article shows that the source of the plural suffixes"Deng(等)"is the production of language contact by Sanskrit-Chinese comparative analysis.The plural form of"inanimate nouns+Deng(等)"has not been inherited by Chinese,which is determined by the nature of Chinese,but the opposing concepts of single and plural form have some influence on Chinese.

关 键 词：汉译佛经 “等”的用法 复数词尾 梵汉对勘 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]