汉英词性块对比:数据驱动的研究  

A Contrastive Study of the Part of Speech Chunks in Mandarin and English:A Data-Driven Approach

作　　者：孔蕾[1] 秦洪武[1] KONG Lei;QIN Hong-wu

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学外国语学院,山东曲阜273165

出　　处：《解放军外国语学院学报》2022年第2期87-95,F0003,共10页Journal of PLA University of Foreign Languages

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“基于事件语义的语用标记词汇化跨语言对比研究”(17BYY038)。

摘　　要：研究使用数据驱动的语言对比分析方法观察汉英词性块分布特征。研究发现,汉语和英语在词性功能和使用方式上存在显著差异,相同的概念语义关系在两种语言中有不同表现,如一些概念语义在英语中借助介词编码为空间关系,在汉语中则借助动词编码为事件;在表达所属、并列、递进等逻辑关系时,英语比汉语更依赖显性语言手段;另外,汉语多个名词连用现象普遍,词序可表达多样的语义关系;英语罕用多名词组合,相同语义关系更多借助语法手段实现。This study observes the linguistic features of the part of speech chunks(POS chunks) in Mandarin Chinese and English. It finds that POS chunks reflect the different means that English and Chinese adopt in encoding the shared conceptual relations. Firstly, Chinese uses more verbs to construct semantic relations, while English relies more on static language devices such as nouns, adjectives, and prepositions. Therefore, the same semantic relations have different realizations in English and Chinese surface forms. English tends to spatialize some relations with prepositional phrases, while Chinese tends to make them eventualized with verbs. Secondly, when expressing the logical relations of possession, coordination, etc., English is more dependent on possessive pronouns and coordinating conjunctions than Chinese. The study also finds that multiple noun collocation in Chinese is a common phenomenon, and various semantic relations can be expressed by order of the nouns;in contrast, English rarely has such POS collocations,and the same semantic relations need to be expressed by grammatical means, such as prepositional phrases and participle phrases.

关 键 词：英汉对比 词性块 数据驱动 

分 类 号：H314.3[语言文字—英语]