流动的经济贸易:明清大运河漕运与南北农业特产交流  

Flowing Economic and Trade Market:Water Transport in the Grand Canal of Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Exchange of Agricultural Specialties between the North and the South

作　　者：王羽坚 王思明[1] Wang Yujian;Wang Siming(Institute of Chinese Agricultural Civilization,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学中华农业文明研究院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《古今农业》2022年第1期91-102,共12页Ancient and Modern Agriculture

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“大运河文化建设研究”(项目编号:19ZDA187)阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：明清时期大运河漕运兴盛,舳舻千里。自永乐迁都后,漕运已然成为国之命脉,朝廷内府所需物资、民间"土贡"及军队屯驻所需粮草皆由漕运实现。自明代始,实施了"随船土宜"政策,允许携带农业特产的数额不断增加。随着漕船的南来北往,南北方各类农业特产在京杭大运河沿岸地区交流互动,丰富了运河沿线人民的食材种类,促进了运河沿线城镇的发展,实现了南北方农业特产在饮食文化等方面的交流融合。During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Grand Canal flourished and spread for thousands of miles.Since the Ming Dynasty Yongle moved its capital,water transportation has become the lifeblood of the country.The materials needed by the imperial court,the“local tribute”of the people and the grain and grass needed by the Army garrison were all carried out by the canal.Since the Ming Dynasty,the government has implemented the policy of“suiting land with ships”in the water transport of the Grand Canal,allowing the number of agricultural specialties to be carried continuously,among which agricultural specialties account for the majority.With the transport of water from south to north,a large number of agricultural products from the South and North circulated in the areas along the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal,enriching the types of food materials for people’s life in different areas,promoting the economic development of towns along the canal,and realizing the exchange and integration of agricultural specialties from the South and the north in the aspects of food culture.This paper first expounds the relationship between the canal transportation and agricultural specialties,defines the concept and scope of agricultural specialties,sorts out all kinds of agricultural specialties“going up from the South”and“going down from the north”in the canal transportation in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,classifies the classification standards of agricultural specialties in detail,and then analyzes the important role of various agricultural specialties in the process of North-South exchange;finally,it analyzes the water transport The impact of transportation on the exchange of agricultural specialties between the South and the north.

关 键 词：明清时期 大运河 漕运 农业特产 随船土宜 

分 类 号：F329[经济管理—产业经济] F552.9[历史地理—历史学] K248[历史地理—中国史]