菜薹花色遗传规律研究及花瓣主要营养成分分析  

Studies on Heredity Laws of Flower Color and Analysis of Main Nutritional Components of Flowering Chinese Cabbage

作　　者：吕思锐 张德双[1] 李佩荣 辛晓云 张凤兰[1] 于拴仓[1] 余阳俊[1] 张耀伟 赵岫云[1] 汪维红[1] 苏同兵 卢桂香[1] LYU Sirui;ZHANG Deshuang;LI Peirong;XIN Xiaoyun;ZHANG Fenglan;YU Shuancang;YU Yangjun;ZHANG Yaowei;ZHAO Xiuyun;WANG Weihong;SU Tongbing;LU Guixiang(Institute of Vegetables Science,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science,Beijing 100097,China;College of Horticulture&Landscape Architecture,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究所,北京100097 [2]东北农业大学园艺园林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2022年第4期13-20,共8页China Vegetables

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31872094);北京蔬菜种质库资源繁育、优选与创新项目(KJCX20200113);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目(CARS-23-A-05)。

摘　　要：以乳白色花菜薹广海超级80天和橙花菜薹14A-P2-21为材料,构建P_(1)、P_(2)、F_(1)、F_(2)、BC_(1)和BC_(1)′6世代群体,研究菜薹乳白色花与橙花的显隐性关系及遗传规律,并测定和分析了黄花、乳白色花、橙花3种花色花瓣类胡萝卜素、黄酮的组分与含量。结果表明,菜薹黄花对乳白色花和橙花均表现为显性,乳白色花与橙花之间无显隐性关系,控制菜薹花色遗传的基因为2对隐性、独立的非等位基因;橙花的花粉活力及花粉管萌发率均显著低于黄花和乳白色花,相同栽培环境下橙花植株弱小、花期晚;F_(2)群体的花色有4种:黄色、乳白色、橙色和浅橙色,其中橙花的分离比例低于理论值,推测可能原因是橙花配子体活力较黄花和乳白色花弱,在同等条件下竞争力弱,且橙花植株本身存活率低,从而导致橙花植株数量减少;橙花花瓣的总类胡萝卜素和总黄酮含量均极显著高于乳白色花和黄花,橙花菜薹可能会成为菜薹品种选育的新方向。Taking milky white flowers‘Guanghaichaoji 80 tian’and orange flowers‘14A-P2-21’as materials,this experiment constructed P_(1),P_(2),F_(1),F_(2),BC_(1) and BC_(1)'6 generation groups;studied the dominant relationship and heredity laws of milky white flowers and orange flowers of flowering Chinese cabbage[Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis(L.)var.utilis Tsen et Lee];measured and analyzed the components and contents of carotenoid,flavone in petals of 3 kinds flowers namely yellow,milky white and orange.The results showed that yellow flower was manifested as dominant to milk white flower and orange flower.There was no obvious recessive relationship between milky white flowers and orange flowers.There were 2 pairs of recessive,independent non-allelic genes controlling the heredity of flower color.The pollen viability and pollen germination rate of orange flowers was significantly lower than that of yellow and milky white flowers.The plants of orange flower were weak with late flowering phase under the same cultivation environment.There were 4 kinds colors in flower from F2 population:yellow,milky white,orange and light orange.The separation ratio of orange flower was lower than theoretical value.It is speculated that the reason might be gametophyte activity of orange flower was weaker than that of yellow flowers and milky white flowers.Its competitiveness was lower under the same conditions.The survival rate of orange flower plants was also lower,leading to the decrease in plant number of orange flowers.The contents of total carotenoid and total flavone in petals of orange flower were significantly higher than those in milky white and yellow flowers.Flowering Chinese cabbage with orange flower might be a new direction for breeding flowering Chinese cabbage variety.

关 键 词：菜薹 花色 遗传规律 类胡萝卜素 黄酮 

分 类 号：S634.5[农业科学—蔬菜学]