孔子人性论新论  

A New Study on Confucius’ Humanity Theory

作　　者：冯晨[1] Feng Chen

机构地区：[1]中共山东省委党校哲学教研部,济南250103

出　　处：《孔子研究》2022年第2期75-85,158,共12页Confucius Studies

摘　　要：孔子重视人的自我完善,尤其注意对生命的直觉体悟和对礼乐典章的理解,这是人性形成的基本方式,与此相关的仁与天命成为孔子人性的重要内容。在孔子学说中,人性不是完全先在的,而是随着伦理实践的展开而逐渐形成的。孔子注重生命的自反自觉,他对生命主动性的发挥,对自我主体性的尊重,都有助于让自我对历史文化敞开、让生命对应然世界超越。人性就在这个过程中得到体现。但孔子人性论的形成需要一个把自然生命和人文精神结合起来的力量,此力量在孔子的世界中是以主体形式呈现的“我”。是“我”凭借社会历史的各种因素在实践中促成了人性的不断发展和完善。Confucius affirmed people's self-improvement ability and attached importance to life's intuitive understanding of rites,music,laws,and regulations,which were the basic condition for the formation of Confucius'theory of human nature.The related"Benevolence"and"Ming"(命)have become the important content of this theory.In Confucianism,human nature is not completely pre-existing but gradually formed with the development of ethical practice.Based on this,Confucius paid attention to the reflexive self-consciousness of life,the exertion of the life initiative,and the respect for subjectivity,all of which helped to make life open to history and culture,and transcend the natural world.During this process,humanity is manifested.However,the formation of Confucius'theory of humanity requires a force that combines natural life and humanistic spirit,which is presented as"Self"in the form of subject in Confucius'world.It is the"Self"that promotes the continuous development and perfection of humanity in practice by virtue of various social and historical factors.

关 键 词：孔子 人性论 自然生命 人文精神 我 

分 类 号：B222.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]