基于社会生态学理论的美国5~12岁儿童课外身体活动综合干预的特点与启示——以美国俄亥俄州哥伦布为例  

Characteristics and Implications of the Comprehensive Intervention of Extracurricular Physical Activity for American Children Aged 5~12 Years Based on Socio-Ecological Theory:——A Case Study on Columbus,Ohio in the United States

作　　者：袁广锋[1] 李明达[2] 张水顺[1] 郑祥荣[1] 陈明祥 何雅文[4] YUAN Guangfeng;LI Mingda;ZHANG Shuishun;ZHENG Xiangrong;CHEN Mingxiang;HE Yawen(School of Physical Education and Sport Science,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou Fujian 350117;Chengdu Sport University,Chengdu Sichuan 610041;General Education and Teaching Laboratory,Fujian Education Department,Fuzhou Fujian 350003;College of Foreign Languages,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou Fujian350007)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学体育科学学院,福建福州350117 [2]成都体育学院,四川成都610041 [3]福建省教育厅普通教育教学研究室,福建福州350003 [4]福建师范大学外国语学院,福建福州350007

出　　处：《成都体育学院学报》2022年第2期104-109,共6页Journal of Chengdu Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“人文视域下青少年运动技能形成机制与路径研究”(16BTY066)。

摘　　要：采用文献资料、访谈调查、田野调查等方法,对美国俄亥俄州哥伦布4个学区11所公立小学、9个居民住宅区、8个社区休闲中心、公园和学校儿童游乐场33个进行为期2年参与式观察,从社会生态学视角,发现美国5~12岁儿童课外身体活动综合干预有以下特点:个体层面,让儿童“获得快乐的运动体验”;人际层面,创建“体育是一种积极健康的生活方式”的亲密关系圈;社区层面,营造了“家庭、学校、社区”多元主体协同参与的社区生态支持网络;社会层面,创建了跨界、联动、高效的政策执行系统。对我国启示:学界要加强对中国特色的儿童课外身体活动的实践研究;政府要协调各相关部门构建多部门协调联动的政策执行机制;家庭、学校、社区等多元主体联动是提高儿童课外身体活动水平的最有效途径;学校和社区要增建具有多种健身功能的室外儿童游乐场地设施。By using the methods of literature review,interview and comparative analysis,this paper makes a two-year participant?observation on 11 public primary schools,9 residential areas,8 community recreation centersand?more than 30 children’s playgrounds in parks and communities in four school districts in Columbus,Ohio,USA,and analyzes the characteristics of the promotion mechanism of extracurricular physical activities of children aged 5~12 in the United States from a socio-ecological perspective.The characteristics can be summarized as follows:Individual level:the highest purpose of participating in sports is to let children"Have Fun";Interpersonal level:close the relationship circle?between people,especially parents agree that"sports is an active and healthy lifestyle";Community level:a community ecological support network of"family,school and integration of community"has been built;Social level:a cross-boundary,interconnected and efficient policy implementation system has been created.The implications for a socio-ecological construction of the same nature in China can be summarized as follows:Academic circles should strengthen the theoretical and practical research on the socio-ecological model of children’s extracurricular physical activities with Chinese characteristics,and all relevant government departments should join efforts to create a cross-border,interwoven and efficient mechanism for such construction.

关 键 词：社会生态学 美国 儿童 课外身体活动 学校体育 综合干预 体力活动 

分 类 号：G806[文化科学—运动人体科学]