清末民初来华西方学者民间文学译介中的文学观与民俗观  

The Views on Literature and Folklore Reflected in Translation of Chinese Folk Literature by Western Scholars in Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China

作　　者：朱灵慧[1] Zhu Linghui(School of Foreign Languages,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan,430073,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学外国语学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《民族学刊》2021年第10期39-45,120,共8页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“清代译事奏谕与翻译政策研究”(19BZS053)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清末民初,来华西方学者整理并翻译了大量中国民间文学,包括谚语俗语、歌谣民曲、民间故事等不同类型。在介绍中国民间文学和民俗文化之时,西方学者通过序言、注释、图像,以及穿插其中的阐述,呈现出对民间文学生活属性、审美价值、中西差异的认识,而其中承载的民俗文化,具有收录方式多样、涉及主题广博、地域特征凸显等特征。藉由对民间文学和民俗文化的考察,相关译介呈现出西人眼中的中国语言、文学与文化状态。同时,西方学者尝试探察中华民族国民性格、分析中西民俗异同,显现出模糊的民俗学学科意识。但与此同时,因缺乏明确的术语界定和系统的分类方法,概念不清、分类不明、内容杂陈等问题也较为突出,表明其民间文学观念和民俗意识尚处于初始的萌芽状态。总之,清末民初来华西方学者搜集、整理和翻译的中国民间文学著述,既是追溯国内外民俗学学科滥觞的重要史料,亦是其民间文学观念和民俗意识的直接映射。Folk literature in China has a long history and a wide variety of forms.However,it was not until after the so-named“May Fourth Movement”that it attracted academic attention and began to be systematically collected and studied.Before that,namely in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries,some western scholars came to China and showed a keen interest in Chinese folk literature by collecting and translating folk proverbs,ballads,songs,and stories.This contributed,to a certain extent,to the development of modern folk literature in China.As such,China s national folklore has received wide and international attention.At that time,translators of Chinese folk literature seemed to be mostly composed of western missionaries,sinologists,and diplomats who made full use of Chinese folk literature to learn Chinese or to facilitate missionary preaching.With different purposes as well as diverse interests,western scholars in China apparently had different perspectives.Translators of Chinese folk proverbs and sayings included Paul Hubert Perny,Justus Doolittle,W.Scarborough,and Arthur Henderson Smith;translators of ballads were George Carter Stent,Guido Vitale,and Edwards Werner.A.M.Fielde,H.A.Giles,and Leon Wieger translated a wide range of tales from folklore,mythology,jokes,and fables into fairy tales.Next to the translation itself,a preface or an introduction is often attached in which the source of the folk tales,their motives,as well as the purpose of the translation are chiefly presented.In other instances,notes are frequently added with an abundance of background information.Such paratexts—e.g.prefaces,annotations,introductions,and images—possibly offer readers a better understanding of Chinese languages,folk stories,lifestyles,and cultural traditions that have developed over time.Moreover,as narrations of the translators,these paratexts directly reflect what the translators think about the folk literature,local life,and also Chinese traits.The introduction,comments,and explanations in these paratexts are of both

关 键 词：清末民初 西方学者 民间文学 文学观 民俗观 

分 类 号：C953[社会学—民族学]