民族地区社会心理服务体系的路径探索——基于藏区青少年心理健康观的质性研究  

Path Exploration for a Social-Psychological Health Services System in Ethnic Areas:A Qualitative Research Project Based on Adolescents General Understanding of Mental Health in Tibetan Areas

作　　者：程科 何雯静[3] Cheng Ke;He Wenjing(School of Education and Psychology,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu,610041,Sichuan,China;School of Education,Soochow University,Suzhou,215123,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学教育学与心理学学院,四川成都610065 [2]国家民委人文社会科学重点研究基地西南民族地区社会心理服务研究基地 [3]苏州大学教育学院,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《民族学刊》2021年第12期60-70,130,共12页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目“藏区青少年心理健康及危机干预机制研究”(项目编号:17XRK004);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“藏区青少年心理健康及危机干预机制研究”(项目编号:2018HQZZ03)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：基于社会心理服务体系的全局建设方略,在民族地区推进社会心理服务体系建设,必须紧密结合具体心理需求,综合推进个体心理健康素养的提升与符合当地实际需求的社会心理服务体系建设。通过对民族融合地区藏族青少年的深度访谈,发现在社会变迁与文化融合加速的背景下,藏区青少年对心理健康的自发关注程度较高,亟需正确引导;在此基础上,以协商一致的质性研究方法,评估当前民族地区心理健康教育与藏区青少年心理健康服务体系的认识水平和既有资源,进一步探析藏区青少年的心理健康观与心理服务体系建设的具体需求。研究得出以下主要结论:首先,健全藏区青少年心理健康服务体系的认知条件已经成熟,当前藏区青少年心理健康的标准已初具轮廓,既有一般心理健康的执行标准,也具备个体心理健康素养提升的积极文化资源;其次,藏区青少年心理健康的主要影响因素包括重大生活事件、家庭环境、人际关系、学校环境及具体生活环境变化,兼具一般因素的共性与民族地区的特性;最后,在藏区推行心理健康教育服务,在加强对消极心理认知与病理性问题的普及教育、推动及时诊疗的同时,更应整合藏文化中的积极文化资源,有效推进青少年心理健康观的培育与理想人格的塑造。The adolescents who live on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau seem to have their unique cultural character which has been shaped by their unique living environment,ethnic culture,and religion.From the perspective of constructing a social-psychological health care system,(1)making an in-depth analysis of the Tibetan adolescents awareness of mental health,(2)providing mental health education with targeted goals,and(3)comprehensively promoting the creation of social-psychological health services in ethnic areas,not only could effectively improve the mental health of the people and increase the physical and mental health of teenagers but also encourage people to elevate their social identity while forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation.Therefore,taking mental health perception as a starting point,this paper tries to explore the current Tibetan youth s understanding of mental health and their psychological needs.This paper puts forward the following countermeasures and suggestions:First,the cognitive conditions for improving the social-psychological health services system for adolescents in Tibetan areas seem to be ripe.To develop mental health education and services in ethnic minority regions,it is necessary not only to strengthen the treatment of pathological psychological problems but also to reinforce educational de-stigmatization as well as positive counseling of psychological problems.Moreover,one should pay attention to the cultivation of positive psychological health and promote mental health awareness education with an optimistic orientation.Secondly,one should combine the psychological development needs of Tibetan teenagers,fan out from a point to cover an entire area,take adolescents as the basis and school education as the fulcrum,provide educational services to parents so as to promote the construction of social-psychological healthcare system in ethnic compact communities.The family environment arguably has a significant impact on the mental health of adolescents,so parents should take the initiat

关 键 词：社会心理服务 藏区 青少年 心理健康观 

分 类 号：C955[社会学—民族学]