中美泌尿外科住院医师规范化培训制度的比较分析  

Differences in standardized residency training system of urology between China and America

作　　者：陶昱成 韦自卫 徐明曦[1] 李文智[1] 王忠[1] Tao Yucheng;Wei Ziwei;Xu Muigxi;Li Wenzhi;Wang Zhong(Department of Urology,Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200011)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院泌尿外科,上海200011

出　　处：《中华医学教育探索杂志》2021年第12期1448-1452,共5页Chinese Journal of Medical Education Research

基　　金：上海交通大学多学科交叉培育(转化)项目(ZH2018QNB04)。

摘　　要：目的比较中美两国泌尿外科规培的特点和优点,为中国住院医师规范化培训制度的完善提供参考。方法通过研究中美最新的规范化培训文件,参考规范化培训试点(上海等城市)具体规培细则与最新相关文献,从泌尿外科规培学员来源、培养目标、培养内容、质量管控和外部环境5个不同方面比较中美住院医师规培制度的差异和形成差异的部分原因。结果美国规培制度有许多值得借鉴的地方,比如统一医学培养学制,加强住院医师临床能力的考核,改善住院医师薪酬待遇和执业环境等。当前中国泌尿外科医师规培的质量和效果有待提高,尤其是学员的独立诊断能力和手术技术水平等。结论通过统一学制与准入标准、明确培养目标、完善考核体系与提高规培医生收入等一系列措施可以帮助中国建立具有中国特色、符合中国国情的住院医师规范化培训体系。Objective:To compare the features and advantages of the standardized residency training of urology in America and China,and to provide a reference for the improvement of the Chinese standardized residency training system.Methods:By studying the latest standardized training documents in China and the America,referring to the specific training rules of standardized training pilots(Shanghai and other cities),and the latest related researches,this article compares the differences between the Chinese and American standardized residency training systems from such five aspects as the source of urology training students,training objectives,training content,quality control and external environment,and tries to figure out the reasons for their formation.Results:There are many places in American standardized residency training system that can be referred,such as unifying the period of training system,strengthening the assessment of clinical capabilities of residents,focusing on the combination of clinical and scientific research,and improving the remuneration and practice environment of residents.At present,the quality and effectiveness of Chinese urology standardized residency training needs to be improved,especially the ability of independent diagnosis and surgical skills.Conclusion:By analyzing the differences of standardized residency training system between China and the United States,this article puts forward the following suggestions:a)to unify the educational system and establish a unified admission standard for urologists;b)to formulate a clear training goal and establish a national standardized assessment system;c)to improve the income level of urology residents,willing to establish a standardized residency training system that truly suits China's national conditions.

关 键 词：住院医师 规范化培训 美国继续医学教育 中国继续医学教育 泌尿外科 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]