美国乡村教育改革的多重路径  

On the Multiple Paths of American Rural Education Reform

作　　者：朱玉华[1] 张家勇[2] ZHU Yu-hua;ZHANG Jia-yong(Preschool Education College of Beijing Youth Politics College,Beijing100102,China;Comprehensive Research Division of National Center for Education Development Research Beijing 100816,China)

机构地区：[1]北京青年政治学院学前教育学院,北京100102 [2]教育部教育发展研究中心综合研究部,北京100816

出　　处：《宁波大学学报（教育科学版）》2022年第3期32-43,共12页Journal of Ningbo University(Educational Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目“农村义务教育学校校产闲置状况调查及处置策略研究”(BFA210062)。

摘　　要：美国乡村教育体量较大,乡村学校在读学生约占全美中小学学生总数近1/5。美国乡村教育先后走过全面普及、提高质量、促进公平等不同发展阶段,也曾遭遇成本效益、均衡发展、价值取向等诸多挑战。相比之下,当前美国乡村中小学办学条件较差,乡村学校生源家庭背景更复杂,乡村学校优秀师资更短缺,部分乡村中小学教育质量不高。为此,美国政府出台乡村教育扶持项目,高等院校参与乡村教育研究与实验,基金会等参与乡村教育改进,共同推动乡村教育发展。可见,应对乡村教育挑战,需要久久为功,需要培元固本,需要因地制宜,需要群策群力。The United States, the most developed country in the world, is still facing the challenges of cost-effectiveness, balanced development and value orientation in rural education, even though students of its rural schools account for nearly one-fifth of the total US primary and secondary schools that have gone through the stages of comprehensive popularization, quality improvement and equity promotion, etc.Relatively speaking, its rural primary and secondary schools are confined to underdevelopment with complex students’ family background, insufficient faculty, and disqualified education. To tackle these problems, the U.S. government has launched a series of supportive rural education programs to mobilize universities and funds to participate in rural education research and experiments to jointly promote the development of rural education. It can be seen that it is necessary to make constant and concerted efforts, consolidate the essential foundations and take tailored and targeted measures to meet the challenges of rural education.

关 键 词：乡村教育 离乡教育 在地教育 乡村学校和乡村社区基金会 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理]