茶树-绿豆/大豆间作对茶园土壤和茶叶品质的影响  

The effects of tea plants-mung bean/soybean intercropped on soil physicochemical properties and tea quality in tea plantation

作　　者：段玉 邢弘擎 刘国栋 王婷 刘乐峰 朱旭君[1] 钟增涛[2] 房婉萍[1] DUAN Yu;XING Hongqing;LIU Guodong;WANG Ting;LIU Lefeng;ZHU Xujun;ZHONG Zengtao;FANG Wanping(Tea Science Research Institute,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;College of Life Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学茶叶科学研究所,江苏南京210095 [2]南京农业大学生命科学学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2022年第3期511-520,共10页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK〔2021〕一般154);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-19);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2019379);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[CX(20)2004];常州市农业科技支撑计划项目(CE20212017)。

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在研究茶园间作绿豆和大豆对茶园土壤环境的影响,促进茶叶产业可持续发展,以优化茶园土壤环境、增加茶叶产量、提高茶叶品质。[方法]间作试验设置为茶树-不接种根瘤菌绿豆(T1)、茶树-接种根瘤菌绿豆(T2)、茶树-不接种根瘤菌大豆(T3)、茶树-接种根瘤菌大豆(T4)4个处理,以单作茶树为对照(CK),探究不同间作模式对茶园土壤pH值、土壤养分及茶叶理化指标的影响及土壤指标与茶叶品质之间的关系。[结果]在茶树-豆科作物的间作模式下,豆科作物生长至盛花期(Ⅰ),茶园土壤pH值及土壤酶活性显著增加,除土壤速效磷外,其他土壤养分均显著高于单作茶园,其中土壤速效氮含量在T2处理和T4处理分别比CK增加136.63%和97.87%;除土壤有机质外,间作同一种豆科作物,接种根瘤菌豆科作物的茶园土壤全氮、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均高于未接种根瘤菌豆科作物的茶园,尤其是土壤速效氮和速效磷的含量。间作的豆科作物在盛花期翻压后一个月(Ⅱ),茶园土壤pH值和土壤养分均显著高于单作茶园,且接种根瘤菌豆科作物的处理显著高于未接种根瘤菌的处理,其中在T4处理最高。茶树与豆科作物间作显著影响茶树鲜叶理化成分的代谢,尤其是间作接种根瘤菌豆科作物,间作的茶树鲜叶氨基酸和可溶性糖含量在第Ⅰ时期,T2和T4处理分别比CK增加102.67%、54.37%和180.79%、160.23%,在第Ⅱ时期T2和T4处理分别比CK提高72.29%、41.80%和45.37%、3.17%,且茶树鲜叶的水浸出物在T2和T4处理显著增加,而茶树鲜叶的茶多酚含量在T2和T4处理显著降低。[结论]在茶园间作不同豆科作物均能缓解土壤酸化,显著增加土壤养分,显著增加茶树鲜叶的氨基酸和可溶性糖含量,尤其是茶树-绿豆间作模式的增氮效果更显著。[Objectives]The study aimed to study the effects of intercropping mung bean and soybean on soil environment for tea plantation and promote the sustainable development of the tea industry,optimize the tea plantation soil environment,increase tea yield and improve tea quality.[Methods]Four intercropping experimental treatments included intercropping tea plants-mung bean without rhizobium(T1),intercropping tea plants-mung bean inoculated with rhizobium(T2),tea plants-soybean without rhizobium(T3)and intercropping tea plants-soybean inoculated with rhizobium(T4),and monoculture tea plants was as control(CK),to explore the effects of different intercropping patterns on soil pH value,soil nutrients and tea physical and chemical indexes,and analyze the relationships between soil indexes and tea quality.[Results]In the tea plants-leguminous crops intercropping model,when the intercropped leguminous crops grew to the profuse flowering period(Ⅰ),the soil pH value,soil enzyme activities,and the soil nutrients except for soil available phosphorus of tea plantation were significantly increased compared with CK,and the soil available nitrogen content in T2 treatment and T4 treatment were increased by 136.63%and 97.87%compared with CK,respectively.With the treatments of the intercropping same leguminous crop,except for soil organic matter,the contents of soil total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in tea plantation were higher in the leguminous crops inoculated with rhizobium especially the content of soil available nitrogen and available phosphorus.When the intercropped legumes were overturning for one month in the profuse flowering period(Ⅱ),the soil pH value and soil nutrients in the tea plantation were significantly higher than those in the monoculture tea plantation,and in the treatment of the legume crops inoculated with rhizobia were significantly higher than those without rhizobia,and in the T4 treatment was the highest.Tea plants-leguminous crops intercropped could significan

关 键 词：茶树 豆科作物 间作模式 土壤养分 茶叶理化成分 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工] S606.1[农业科学—作物学]