需要层次理论视角下乡村教师“留不住”问题解决策略探究  

Research on the Strategies to Solve the Problem of“unable to stay”of Rural Teachers from the Perspective of Hierarchy of Needs Theory

作　　者：周乐乐 程岭[1] 程琳[1] ZHOU Lele;CHENG Ling;CHENG Lin(Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China)

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《现代教育科学》2022年第2期129-135,共7页Modern Education Science

基　　金：江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目“新时代培养高校师范生专业阅读习惯的机制阶梯构建研究”(项目编号:2019SJZDA079);江苏师范大学2021年度校级研究生实践创新计划立项课题“乡村小学教师专业发展路径研究”(项目编号:2021XKT0459);江苏省“十三五”教育科学规划重点课题“陶行知美育思想导引下学校美育系统构建研究”(项目编号:B-b/2020/01/50)。

摘　　要：当前,乡村教师“留不住”是教育的痛点问题,原因在于工资待遇较差,教师经济状况窘迫;教育与生活环境差强人意,教师自我提升乏力;组织制度不完善,教师之间缺少帮扶;社会声誉较低,教师自我认同感差;政策落实不力,教师发展机会有限。从马斯洛需要层次理论的角度来看,乡村教师在任职过程中的生活需要、安全需要、归属与爱的需要、尊重需要、自我实现需要难以得到满足。可以通过提高乡村教师的工资薪酬待遇,创设安稳舒适的生活环境;完善针对乡村教师的社会保障制度,形成融洽和谐的家校关系;加强乡村教师团队文化建设,营造互助合作的集体氛围;完善乡村教师激励制度,打造尊师重道的社会风尚;落实乡村教师相关支持政策,采取丰富多元的晋升渠道等,使乡村教师不仅“留得住”,更要“教得好”。At present,the problem of rural teachers“unable to stay”is the pain point of education.The analysis found that the reasons are poor wages and bad living conditions of teachers;poor surrounding environment,teachers's physical and mental depression;lack of organizational system,lack of help between teachers;declining social reputation,teachers's self-esteem hurt;limited development space,career pursuit difficult to meet.According to Maslow'ss hierarchy of needs theory,it is difficult to meet teachers's needs of life,security,belonging and love,respect and self realization.In view of this,we can create a stable and peaceful living environment by increasing the salary of rural teachers;improve the social security system of rural teachers to form a harmonious relationship between home and school;strengthen the construction of rural teachers's team culture to create a collective atmosphere of mutual assistance and cooperation;implement the honor incentive system of rural teachers to create a social fashion of respecting teachers and respecting morality;strengthen the construction of rural teachers's team culture to create a collective atmosphere of mutual assistance and cooperation;We should implement the policy of supporting and encouraging rural teachers,and take a series of measures such as diversified promotion channels to make rural teachers“stay and teach well”.

关 键 词：马斯洛需要层次理论 乡村教师 乡村教师“留不住”问题 策略 

分 类 号：G625[文化科学—教育学]