基于有效缺口应力的地铁构架疲劳损伤研究  

Research on fatigue damage of metro frame based on effective notch stress

作　　者：姜朝勇 赵鑫源 魏苇 陈璨 王斌杰[2] 李强[2] JIANG Chaoyong;ZHAO Xinyuan;WEI Wei;CHEN Can;WANG Binjie;LI Qiang(CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.,Ltd.,Changchun,Jilin 130062,China;School of Mechanical,Electronic and Control Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;Locomotive&Car Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司,吉林长春130062 [2]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044 [3]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司机车车辆研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《机车电传动》2022年第2期135-140,共6页Electric Drive for Locomotives

基　　金：国家重大技术装备攻关工程项目(系列化中国标准地铁列车研制及试验)。

摘　　要：地铁构架的疲劳失效在焊接接头的焊趾和焊根处均有可能发生,因此需要一种有效的疲劳评估方法来全面地分析转向架的疲劳可靠性。针对该问题,基于有效缺口应力法建立了某地铁转向架构架整体有限元模型,以及电机吊座翼板与横梁连接部位焊接接头的局部网格细化有限元模型,得到了焊接接头焊趾和焊根处的有效缺口应力分布。根据Miner损伤理论和对应的S-N曲线计算得到有效缺口应力法与名义应力法的累积损伤。结果表明,接头焊根处更易发生疲劳失效。此外,有效缺口应力法比名义应力法更加安全。为进一步研究不同载荷对损伤的影响,通过对比各载荷的累积损伤结果发现:对于有效缺口应力,损伤占比较大的5种载荷分别是扭转载荷、电机横向载荷、电机垂向振动载荷、电机驱动载荷、齿轮箱垂向振动载荷,其中扭转载荷占比最大,达30%~60%。文章验证了有效缺口应力法在地铁车辆构架疲劳评价中的安全性和适用性。The fatigue failure of metro frame may occur at the weld toe and weld root of the welded joint.Therefore,an effective fatigue evaluation method is needed to analyze the fatigue reliability of the bogie comprehensively.To solve this problem,based on the effective notch stress method,the overall finite element model of one metro frame and the local mesh refinement finite element model of the welded joint between the wing plate of the motor suspension seat and the cross beam were established,and the effective notch stress distribution at the weld toe and weld root of the welded joint was obtained.According to Miner damage theory and the corresponding S-N curve,the cumulative damage of effective notch stress method and nominal stress method were calculated.The results show that fatigue failure is more likely to occur at the root of the joint.In addition,the effective notch stress method is safer than the nominal stress method.For further study the influence of different loads on damage,by comparing the cumulative damage results of each load,it was found that for the effective notch stress,the five loads with large damage are torsional load,motor transverse load,motor vertical vibration load,motor driving load and gearbox vertical vibration load,of which the torsional load accounts for the largest proportion,up to 30%-60%.The safety and applicability of the effective notch stress method in the fatigue evaluation of subway vehicle frame was verified.

关 键 词：地铁构架 电机吊座 焊接接头 有效缺口应力 名义应力 疲劳损伤 地铁车辆 

分 类 号：U270[机械工程—车辆工程] U231[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]