河北省成年居民膳食钠摄入状况及食物来源分析  

Dietary sodium intake levels and food sources of adult residents in Hebei

作　　者：田美娜[1] 罗晓燕[1] 张翠 牛蓓[1] 苗润晓 周园园 李红[2] 刘长青[1] TIAN Mei-na;LUO Xiao-yan;ZHANG Cui;NIU Bei;MIAO Run-xiao;ZHOU Yuan-yuan;LI Hong;LIU Chang-qing(Hebei Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050021,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]河北省疾病预防控制中心,河北石家庄050021 [2]廊坊市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2022年第9期1590-1594,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：河北省2019年度医学科学研究课题计划(20190143)。

摘　　要：目的了解并分析河北省成年居民膳食钠摄入状况。方法研究数据来自2015年河北省居民营养与健康状况监测项目,采用分层多阶段与人口成比例整群随机抽样的方法,共有1465户3212名18岁及以上居民纳入本研究。将连续3 d 24 h膳食回顾数据和调味品称重数据相结合,以《中国食物成分表2004》为依据,计算膳食钠。结果调查对象平均每标准人日摄入膳食钠4279.9(2962.4~6186.9)mg,其中城市为4095.6(2724.9~5754.9)mg,农村为4426.9(3078.3~6454.4)mg,农村高于城市(χ^(2)=20.977,P<0.05)。不同经济状况居民中,家庭人均年收入<20000元的居民膳食钠摄入量为4751.3(3312.5~6820.3)mg,与其他收入组差异有统计学意义(H=39.766,P<0.001);不同文化程度的居民中,大专及以上的居民每标准人日摄入膳食钠3692.5(2572.4~5130.6)mg,与其他文化程度组差异有统计学意义(H=21.275,P<0.001)。调查对象膳食钠主要来源于食盐(73.1%)、高盐调味品(酱油占12.6%,酱类占7.4%,腐乳咸菜类占5.9%,味精、鸡精占3.4%)和零食、小吃、速食类(7.6%)。结论河北省成年居民膳食钠的摄入量较高,食盐、高盐调味品和零食、小吃、速食类是膳食钠的主要来源,农村居民、低收入和教育程度相对较低的居民膳食钠摄入量较高,建议应加强减盐限钠政策的战略性和针对性。Objective To evaluate the intake of dietary sodium of adult residents in Hebei Province.Methods Research data came from the monitoring project of nutrition and health status of residents in Hebei Province in 2015.Using stratified multi-stage and population proportional group random sampling method,a total of 1465 households and 3212 residents aged 18 and above were included in the study.The dietary sodium was worked out by 3 consecutive days of dietary recollection combined with food weighing methods.Results The average daily intake of dietary sodium was 4279.9(2962.4-6186.9)mg per standard person,including 4095.6(2724.9-5754.9)mg in urban areas and 4426.9(3078.3-6454.4)mg in rural areas,which was significantly higher than that in urban areas(χ^(2)=20.977,P<0.05).Among residents with different economic conditions,the dietary sodium intake of residents with a per capita annual household income of<20000 yuan was 4751.3(3312.5 to 6820.3)mg,the differences with other income groups were statistically significant(H=39.766,P<0.001).Among the residents with different educational levels,the intake of dietary sodium per standard person day of residents with college degree or above was 3692.5 mg(2572.4-5130.6),and the differences with other literacy groups were statistically significant(H=21.275,P<0.001).The dietary sodium mainly came from salt(73.1%),high-salt condiments(soy sauce 12.6%,sauces 7.4%,fermented bean curd pickles 5.9%,monosodium glutamate chicken essence 3.4%)and snacks and fast food(7.6%).Conclusion The dietary sodium intake of adult residents in Hebei Province is high,and salt,high-salt condiments,snacks and fast food are the main sources of dietary sodium.Rural residents,low-income and relatively low-educated residents have higher dietary sodium intake.The strategic and targeted policies of salt reduction and sodium reduction should be strengthened.

关 键 词：膳食钠 膳食调查 食物来源 

分 类 号：R151.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]