经典名方中饴糖的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Maltose in Famous Classical Formulas

作　　者：王艺涵 马力峥 赵佳琛 金艳[1] 詹志来 WANG Yi-han;MA Li-zheng;ZHAO Jia-chen;JIN Yan;ZHAN Zhi-lai(National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700 [2]广东药科大学中药学院,广州510006

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2022年第10期247-261,共15页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702);中国中医科学院基本科研业务费专项(ZZ13-YQ-091);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)。

摘　　要：通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书及近现代文献资料,对经典名方中所用饴糖的名称、品种、原料及制作工艺进行了考证,为含有饴糖的经典名方开发利用提供依据。经考证可知,饴糖之名历代多源于其形态、质地、制法、原料及产地。古代所用饴糖根据质地不同,主要分为软、硬两类,湿软如蜜者称为“饴”或“胶饴”,质硬色白的则称为“饧”“糖”,现代则多称为麦芽糖,入药仅用胶饴,饧则多作食用;历代药用胶饴推崇糯米(来源于Oryza sativa var.glutinosa)为原料,以大麦Hordeum vulgare制蘖,经过发酵、煎煮、浓缩制备而成,而粟米(来源于Setaria italica var.germanica)、黍Panicum miliaceum等其他谷物为原料制成的饴糖品质次之。2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》未收录饴糖,收载了药用辅料麦芽糖,为纯度较高的结晶粉;但国家食品标准与地方炮制规范中收录了饴糖。基于考证结果,建议经典名方开发中所用胶饴可参考GB/T 20883—2017中的麦芽糖浆,并明确以糯米、大麦为原料。In this paper,the name,varieties,raw materials and manufacturing technology of maltose in the famous classical formulas were researched by consulting the herbal medicines,medical books,prescription books and modern literature of past dynasties,which provided the basis for the development and utilization of formulas containing maltose.Through textual research,it can be seen that the name of maltose has been derived from its shape,texture,preparation method,raw materials and producing area.In ancient times,maltose was mainly divided into soft and hard types according to the texture.Those who are wet and soft as honey are called"syrup"or"jelly",while those who are hard and white are called"malt"and"sugar".In modern times,they are mostly called malt sugar,only jelly is used as medicine,and malt is mostly used as food.Throughout the ages,medicinal maltose were made of Oryza sativa var.glutinosa as the raw material and Hordeum vulgare as malt,prepared by fermenting,decocting and concentrating.The maltose made from other cereals such as Setaria italica var.germanica,Panicum miliaceum is slightly inferior in quality.The 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia did not include maltose,but included malt sugar,a pharmaceutical excipient,which was a crystal powder with high purity.But maltose was included in the national food standard and the local processing specification.Based on the textual research results,it is suggested that malt syrup in GB/T 20883-2017 can be used as the reference for the development of formulas containing maltose,and O.sativa var.glutinosa,H.vulgare are clearly used as raw materials.

关 键 词：经典名方 饴糖 胶饴 本草考证 品种 原料 制作工艺 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] Z126[医药卫生—中医学]