礼物的馈赠法则与年馍的符号意义——以河南省周口市农村地区的年馍传统为例  

The Rules of Gift-giving and the Symbolic Meaning of Nianmo——Taking the Tradition of Nianmo in Rural Areas of Zhoukou City of Henan Province as an Example

作　　者：张凤霞 Zhang Fengxia(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875

出　　处：《长江大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期21-26,共6页Journal of Yangtze University（Social Sciences Edition）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“‘白蛇传’经典的建构与阐释”(21FZW082)。

摘　　要：在春节这样一个特殊的时空场域,年馍传统作为地方性知识和群体文化的特质已经成为村落社会春节的标志性习俗,在民众的生活中发挥着不可或缺的作用。在现代社会语境中,虽然年馍经历了制作材料、方法以及买卖流程等方面的变迁,但年馍的赠答这一礼仪性活动本身仍在延续,一方面是因为年馍作为文化符号在情感表达、流动空间下的地方认同方面发挥着重要作用,另一方面则是因为以年馍为载体实现的礼物流动这一传统的固化形式深深植根于周口地区农村民众日常生活内部的运行法则里。通过对年馍传统的实践,民众再次对年节习俗进行复习、内化和传播,年馍传统便具有了抚慰心理、联络情感、建构和维系社会关系的功能。In such a special space-time field as the Spring Festival,the tradition of Nianmo,the local knowledge and group culture,has become the iconic custom of the Spring Festival in village society and plays an indispensable role in people’s life.In the context of modern society,Nianmo has experienced changes in the materials,making-methods and trading processes,but the ritual activity of Nianmo-giving is still going on.Speaking of the reasons,on the one hand,Nianmo plays a significant role in emotional expression andlocal recognition in flowing space as a cultural symbol;on the other hand,it is deeply rooted in the internal operation rules of rural people’s daily life as the traditional solidified form of gift-giving in Zhoukou area.Through the tradition of Nianmo-giving,people review,internalize and spread the festival customs again.In this sense,the tradition of Nianmo possesses the functions of psychological comfort,emotional contact,construction and maintenance of social relations.

关 键 词：年馍传统 文化符号 礼物馈赠法则 地方性知识 

分 类 号：K892[历史地理—民俗学]