火星大气电离层穿刺探测飞行动力学与轨迹优化  

Flight dynamics and trajectory optimization for ionospheric puncture exploration of Mars

作　　者：李明儒 徐聪[2] 齐征 赵爱红[2] 吴限德[3] 王剑颖 LI Mingru;XU Cong;QI Zheng;ZHAO Aihong;WU Xiande;WANG Jianying(School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;Beijing Institute of Near Space Vehicle′s Systems Engineering, Beijing 100076, China;College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学航空航天学院,广东广州510275 [2]北京临近空间飞行器系统工程研究所,北京100076 [3]哈尔滨工程大学航天与建筑工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《哈尔滨工程大学学报》2022年第5期630-638,共9页Journal of Harbin Engineering University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(62003375).

摘　　要：为实现对火星大气电离层的探测,滑翔飞行器采用多次进出火星大气层的穿刺飞行方式,本文利用再入气动力改变轨道形状,通过调整近地点幅角的变化,在有限次数的穿刺飞行中对火星大气电离层全面探测。对多次改变近地点幅角的穿刺探测飞行任务进行描述;构建穿刺探测飞行动力学模型;进一步根据该飞行模式的特点,联立弹道动力学方程与轨道动力学方程,建立弹道参数与轨道六根数间的转换模型;提出基于高斯伪谱法的多次穿刺飞行轨迹优化方法,给出多次改变近地点幅角飞行轨迹的目标函数、优化变量和约束条件等。数值仿真表明了所构建的动力学模型以及参数方程的正确性,以及穿刺飞行模式实现火星大气电离层全面探测的有效性。To comprehensively explore the ionosphere of Mars,glide vehicles adopt a puncture flight mode of entering and leaving Mars′s atmosphere,change orbit shape using re-entry aerodynamic forces,and adjust perigee amplitude angles,all within a limited number of flights.Here,we describe flight mission puncture detection where the perigee angle is changed multiple times and constructed a flight dynamics model of puncture detection.Based on the characteristics of the flight mode,we established a conversion model between trajectory parameters and six elements of the orbit by combining the trajectory dynamics equation and the orbit dynamics equation.An optimization method based on the Gauss pseudospectral method was proposed,and the objective function,optimization variable,and constraint conditions of changing the flight trajectory perigee angle multiple times were determined.Finally,the results were analyzed by numerical simulation to verify the correctness of the dynamic model and parameter equation and the effectiveness of the penetration flight mode toward the comprehensive exploration of the ionosphere of Mars.

关 键 词：升力体飞行器 穿刺探测 动力学建模 轨迹优化 火星电离层 火星探测 轨道转移 高斯伪谱法 

分 类 号：V474[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]