教育需要与何种生产劳动相结合  

What Kind of Productive Labor Does Education Need to be Combined with

作　　者：康永久[1] KANG Yong-jiu(Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100088

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第3期108-117,共10页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：文章试图借助“生产性劳动”与“非生产性劳动”的区分,对“教育与生产劳动相结合”进行重新定位,并以此为基础对“劳动教育”进行理论反思。通过再三梳理马克思的相关论述,文章确认教育与生产劳动相结合主要是现代教育与现代生产的结合,并称其为教育与生产劳动的“内部结合”。由于这种现代生产劳动主要不依赖刻苦耐劳与体力活动,又在一个意义更为深远的层次参与物质财富的生产,文章在凡勃伦的意义上称之为“非生产性的‘生产劳动’”。文章强调,唯有这样一种“非生产性的‘生产劳动’”才有教益,才构成了人的全面发展的真正基础。当然文章认可,在存在合理的劳动报酬的条件下,教育可以与非现代生产劳动进行“外部结合”。但文章不认为,这样一种外部结合是在对人进行劳动教育。文章承认,在自由自觉的条件下,劳动可能在教育中无处不在。但这种劳动也不属于我们这里所说的教育与生产劳动相结合的范畴,而属于通识教育的范畴。With the help of the theoretical distinctions between“productive labor”and“non-productive labor”,this paper attempts to reposition the“combination of education and productive labor”,and make a theoretical reflection on“labor education”thereon.By analyzing Marx’s relevant discussions,the paper confirms that the combination of education and productive labor is mainly the combination of modern education and modern production,and calls it the“internal combination”of education and productive labor.Because this modern productive labor does not mainly rely on hard work and physical activities,but participates in the production of material wealth at a plane of more far-reaching significance,this paper further calls it“un-productive‘productive labor’”and emphasizes that only such a kind of“unproductive‘productive labor’”can be instructive and constitutes the real foundation of people’s all-round development.Of course,this paper recognizes that education can be“externally combined”with non-modern productive labor under the condition of reasonable labor remuneration.However,it does not believe that such an external combination means labor education for people.It acknowledges that under the condition of freedom and consciousness,labor may be everywhere in education.However,this kind of labor does not fall into the category of the combination of education and productive labor,but falls into the category of general education.

关 键 词：内部结合 外部结合 生产性劳动 非生产性劳动 劳动教育 

分 类 号：G40-01[文化科学—教育学原理]