社会规范的文化延伸——文明作为中国人的一种道德基础  

Cultural Extension of Social Norms:A Tentative Analysis of the Moral Foundations of the Chinese People

作　　者：张彦彦[1] 赵英男 李华智 吴胜涛 ZHANG Yanyan;ZHAO Yingnan;LI Huazhi;WU Shengtao(Department of Psychology,School of Philosophy and Sociology,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130012;Cognitive Neuroscience Lab,Okayama University,Okayama,700-8530,Japan;School of Sociology and Anthropology,Xiamen University,Xiamen,Fujian,361005)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学社会学院心理学系,吉林长春130012 [2]冈山大学医疗系统交叉科学与工程学院,日本冈山700-8530 [3]厦门大学社会与人类学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2022年第5期19-26,共8页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“道德伪善及其影响因素:基于本土化视角的研究”(项目编号:20YJC190029)。

摘　　要：西方道德心理学基于规范、习俗之别明确区分了道德领域和非道德领域,但不同文化背景下道德领域的内容和结构可能存在差异。近期跨文化心理学研究发现,与西方人的道德领域划分不同,中国人把“不文明”作为典型的不道德行为,并以“文明”程度作为判断一个人行为道德与否的重要标准。这种基于“文明”的道德判断提示我们,社会规范的界定需要考虑其在不同文化背景下的延伸。本文从多角度分析了产生这种现象的因素,包括对“规范”的定义、儒家文化和集体主义文化取向的影响,并基于西方的“道德基础理论”提出了可能更适用于中国文化的假设,为推动具有更大文化包容性的社会规范研究提供了启示。Based on the difference between norms and customs,distinctions are drawn between moral norms and non-moral norms in the western moral psychology.However,the contents and structures of the moral domains may vary among different cultures.Recent cross-cultural psychological research has found that the moral domains of the Chinese people are different from those of the westerners in that the Chinese are more likely to use the word“immoral”for behaviors that are uncivilized,and that the Chinese people will take the degree of“civilization”as an important criterion to judge the morality of a person’s behavior.This moral concern for“civilization”reminds us to consider the extension of social norms in different cultural backgrounds.In this paper,we discussed the social psychological factors from various perspectives,including the definition of“norms”,the influence of Confucian culture and the collectivistic cultural orientation.Based on the Moral Foundations Theory,we also proposed a hypothesis that is more suitable for the Chinese culture,which might shed some lights on the future research of the Chinese people’s social norms.

关 键 词：社会规范 道德领域 文明 道德基础理论 本土化 

分 类 号：N0[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] B829[哲学宗教—伦理学]