人工智能扩大了企业间的工资差距吗?——来自中国工业企业的证据  

Does AI Widen the Wage Imbalance Across Enterprises?Evidence from Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database

作　　者：陈东[1] 姚笛 Chen Dong;Yao Di(School of Economics,Shandong University)

机构地区：[1]山东大学经济学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《经济科学》2022年第3期127-142,共16页Economic Science

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“人工智能对企业间工资差距的影响机理与对策研究”(项目编号:21BJY097);山东大学人文社科重大项目“大数据背景下健康老龄化中国方案的难点突破研究”(项目编号:19RWZD03)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文采用2000—2015年中国工业企业数据,考察了机器人应用对企业间工资差距的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,机器人应用在提高企业平均工资的同时,扩大了应用企业与未应用企业之间的工资差距,且随着时间推移这一影响愈加彰显,并在不同行业和不同地区中呈现异质性。在现阶段,机器人应用的生产率效应和产出规模效应大于替代效应,使得利润分享工资的提升效应高于技能组成工资的降低效应,是企业间工资差距扩大的主因。因此,加大企业间再收入分配政策的调节力度,引导工人学习与人工智能技术相适应的新技能,是增加劳动者工资和抑制企业间工资差距进一步扩大的重要途径。This paper uses the data of Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database from 2000 to 2015 to investigate the impact of robot application on the wage imbalance across enterprises and its mechanism.The results of the research in this paper are as follows.While robot application improves the average wage of enterprises,this paper expands the wage imbalance between application enterprises and non-application enterprises,and this effect becomes more obvious over time,showing heterogeneity in different industries and different regions.The effect of productivity and the effect of output size of robot application are stronger than substitution effect at the present stage,leading to the increase effect of profit-sharing wage higher than the decrease effect of skillcomposition wage,which is the main reason for the widening wage imbalance across enterprises.Therefore,it is an important way to increase workers"wages and restrain the further expansion of wage imbalance across enterprises to strengthen the regulation of redistribution policy between enterprises and guide workers to learn new skills suitable for the development of robot technology.

关 键 词：人工智能 企业平均工资 企业间工资差距 技术—经济特征 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理]