内行领导还是外行领导:专家型领导对组织绩效的影响——中国城市新冠肺炎疫情防控的实证研究  

Expert or Non-expert Leadership:The Impact of Expert Leadership on Organizational Performance:An Empirical Study Based on Prevention and Control of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Chinese Cities

作　　者：刘杨 马亮[1,2] LIU Yang;MA Liang(School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院 [2]中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院

出　　处：《公共管理评论》2022年第1期78-105,共28页China Public Administration Review

摘　　要：内行领导还是外行领导存在普遍争议,但是较少有文献进行实证检验与深入探讨。2020年初新冠肺炎疫情的突如其来将专业型组织卫健委推向公众视野。基于中国285个地级市卫健委领导班子(“一把手”和班子成员)的专业背景和任职经历,本文实证检验其与疫情防控效果之间的关系。研究发现,卫健委领导的医药卫生专业特征不明显,“一把手”更有管理上的比较优势。单独来看,班子成员的医药卫生专业背景与医院任职经历能在一定程度上促进疫情防控,但“一把手”的作用并不显著;在整体考虑领导班子的搭配方式时,同样具有管理专业背景的“一把手”和班子成员相互掣肘,同样具有医药卫生行业任职经验的却能够相互合作。这表明,无须过度追求内行领导,也无须过度担心外行领导,更重要的是领导班子的结构,而非内行或外行的比重。Whether a leader is an expert or an amateur is an important issue that is widely disputed,but thus far there has not been much literature to test it.Having expert leaders means that the leaders are equipped with knowledge and skills matching their core tasks.In contrast,having amateur leaders means that the leaders,regardless of whether they are proficient in management,do not have any professional knowledge and skills relevant to their tasks.Then,what kinds of leaders should be selected to improve organizational performance? Previous studies have the following shortcomings.On the one hand,most studies on this issue are the results of normative research rather than empirical research,thus they do not arrive at specific results.On the other hand,the empirical studies focus on financial and economic issues,not the public sector.Our study contributes to the literature by highlighting the importance of the characteristics of leaders and the arrangement of the leadership team in the public sector.The COVID-19 pandemic since the end of 2019 has propelled the Health Commission,which was set up as part of the institutional reform of 2018,into the limelight.Based on Goodall’s expert leadership theory,we measured the education and working background of the leaders of the Health Commission in 285 prefectural-level cities in China(including the “top leaders” and the “secondary leaders”).In addition,we examined the relationship between the cities’ prevention and control of the epidemic and the leaders’ characteristics.The cities’ epidemic prevention and control performance was measured by the number of confirmed cases when the first stage of the COVID-19 epidemic reached its peak in each province where the prefectural-level cities are located.This is a proxy for the organizational performance of the Health Commission.Because the independent variable is a count variable and the COVID-19 epidemic did not spread evenly,we use a negative binomial regression for each model.We also use robust standard error clusteri

关 键 词：内行领导 专家型领导 分管型副职 组织绩效 新冠疫情防控 

分 类 号：R563.1[医药卫生—呼吸系统] R184[医药卫生—内科学]