基于流固双向耦合的轿车气动与流致振动特性  

Automobile Aerodynamic and Flow Induced Vibration Characteristics Based on Bidirectional Fluid-structure Interaction

作　　者：胡兴军[1] 王泽伟[1] 于果 刘飞[1] 兰巍[1] 余天明[1] 桑涛[1] HU Xingjun;WANG Zewei;YU Guo;LIU Fei;LAN Wei;YU Tianming;SANG Tao(State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室,吉林长春130022

出　　处：《湖南大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第6期9-15,共7页Journal of Hunan University:Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51875238)。

摘　　要：传统流体力学数值仿真不考虑车身弹性结构与外流场之间的相互作用,致使得到的结果与真实情况不符.以某实车模型为研究对象,对其进行考虑流固耦合效应的CFD仿真,并在气动阻力、气动升力、流场结构等方面与传统流体数值仿真结果对比,结果表明:流固耦合效应对气动升力影响较大,随车速增加两种仿真方法差异率可达到38%,直接关系到车辆稳定性及安全性.利用流固耦合CFD数值仿真探究整车风激振特性,证明了实车振动幅值主要影响因素为风激振频率及作用力大小.进一步通过对车辆弹性结构的刚度优化改善汽车风激振现象,从而提高乘员的舒适度.The traditional numerical simulation of fluid mechanics does not consider the interaction between the elastic structure of the car body and the external flow field,which makes the results inconsistent with the real situation. Taking a real vehicle model as the research object,the CFD simulation considering the effect of fluid-structure interaction is carried out,and the results of aerodynamic drag,aerodynamic lift,flow field structure and other aspects are compared with the traditional fluid numerical simulation results. The results show that the fluid-solid coupling effect has a greater impact on the aerodynamic lift,and the difference between the two simulation methods can reach 38% with the increase of vehicle speed,which is directly related to vehicle stability and safety. Using fluidstructure coupling CFD numerical simulation to explore the characteristics of wind-induced vibration of the whole vehicle,it is proved that the main influencing factors of the actual vehicle vibration amplitude are the wind-induced vibration frequency and the magnitude of the force. Moreover,the stiffness of the vehicle elastic structure is optimized to improve the wind-induced vibration of the vehicle,so as to improve the comfort of passengers.

关 键 词：汽车空气动力学 双向流固耦合 数值仿真 流场 安全性 

分 类 号：U461.1[机械工程—车辆工程]