上海大学生新精神活性物质认知、态度、滥用倾向及影响因素分析  

Perception,attitude and abuse intention about new psychoactive substances and their associates among university students in Shanghai

作　　者：王雪[1] 张黎[1] WANG Xue;ZHANG Li(People's Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学,北京100038

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2022年第6期808-814,共7页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0800910)。

摘　　要：目的了解上海大学生对新精神活性物质的认知、态度、滥用倾向及影响因素,探究青少年毒品预防教育开展效果,为高校禁毒教育工作提供理论依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2020年8月抽取上海市6所高校2719名学生作为研究对象,调查个人基本情况、新精神活性物质相关态度、预防教育接受情况,应用χ2检验、多因素logistic回归等方法进行统计分析。结果上海市大学生平均认知新型毒品3.41种,性别、就读学科、留学经历、是否接受过预防教育、初次教育时间、内容是否涉及新精神活性物质是大学生对新精神活性物质认知的影响因素,性别、学习阶段、就读学科、留学经历是大学生对新精神活性物质态度的影响因素。未接受过毒品预防教育(OR=0.497,95%CI=0.307~0.805)、大麻危害认知不清(认为危害不大OR=0.357,95%CI=0.245~0.519;没危害OR=0.259,95%CI=0.079~0.842;不清楚OR=0.619,95%CI=0.393~0.973)、有大麻滥用倾向(可能会使用OR=0.178,95%CI=0.111~0.287;一定会使用OR=0.451,95%CI=0.238~0.853;不确定OR=0.356,95%CI=0.231~0.511)、对新精神活性物质呈积极态度(他人使用后决定OR=0.347,95%CI=0.232~0.520;OR=0.363,95%CI=0.245~0.539)是新精神活性物质滥用倾向的危险因素。当前青少年获取禁毒知识的最主要渠道为禁毒题材讲座(88.36%)。结论大学生对新精神活性物质的认知程度较低,毒品预防教育能有效改善物质认知和滥用倾向情况,应根据学生特点有针对性地开展预防教育,并尽快改进列管模式。Objective To explore the perception,attitude,abuse intention about new psychoactive substances(NPS)and their influencing factors among university/college students in Shanghai city and to provide theoretical evidences for conducting anti-drug education in the students.Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling,we conducted an online survey among 2840 students of various disciplines in 3 colleges and 3 universities during August 2020 with a self-designed questionnaire on demographics,attitude towards NPS,and the acceptance of drug control education.Chi-square test and logistic regression model were adopted in statistical analysis.Results Complete information were collected from 2719respondents aged 21.88±2.19 years(59.29%males and 40.71%females).The respondents averagely reported the recognition on 3.41 kinds of new drugs and the recognition was influenced by the students′gender,majoring,study abroad experience,participation of drug control education,the time of first acceptance of drug control education,and the participation of NPSrelated drug control education.Of the 2595 respondents ever participating in drug control education,88.36%(2293)reported to acquire the knowledge about drug abuse prevention mainly through relevant lectures.The results of multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that the respondents with following characteristics were less likely to have the intention of NPS abuse:ever participating in drug control education(compared to those never having the education:odds ratio[OR]=0.497,95%confidence interval[95%CI]:0.307-0.805),being aware of serious hazards of cannabis use(compared to those with little awareness of the hazards:OR=0.357,95%CI:0.245-0.519,to those without the awareness:OR=0.259,95%CI:0.079-0.842,and to those without definite awareness:OR=0.619,95%CI:0.393-0.973),without the intention of cannabis abuse(compared to those with probable intention:OR=0.178,95%CI:0.111-0.287,to those with definite intention:OR=0.451,95%CI:0.238-0.853,and to those without consideratio

关 键 词：健康教育 毒品 行为 成瘾 青少年 

分 类 号：G479[文化科学—教育学] R193[文化科学—教育技术学]