教育伦理学视域中的学习竞争道德失范与规范  

Moral Anomie and Norm in Learning Competition in the Perspective of Educational Ethics

作　　者：曹周天 CAO Zhoutian(Curriculum and Teaching Materials Research Institute,People’s Education Press,Beijing,100081)

机构地区：[1]人民教育出版社课程教材研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《现代基础教育研究》2022年第1期175-179,共5页Research on Modern Basic Education

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第68批面上资助项目“新中国统编教材建设史的系统考察(1950—2000年)”(项目编号:2020M680605)的研究成果。

摘　　要：学生在处理学习竞争问题时的道德失范行为,主要表现在私自占有公共教育资源和自我封闭两个方面。从美德论来看,学习者在面对学习竞争时产生的自私心理常常会把原本为集体共享的利益据为己有,封闭心态容易将同伴群体排斥于自我之外;从功利论来看,学习竞争道德失范则会搅乱人际关系,诱发恶性竞争;从道义论来看,学习者制造恶性竞争的动机和手段缺乏正当性,其行为反映出的利己主义违背了集体主义道德原则。我们倡导“竞于道德”的学习竞争观,在合作中实现共同发展。为此,学习者应当以开放包容的心态积极参与竞争,学校和社会要营造有利于良性竞争的学习生态。Students’moral anomie behavior in dealing with the competition of learning is mainly manifested in private pos‐session of public education resources and self-closure.From the perspective of virtue theory,the selfish psychology of learners in the face of learning competition often takes the interests originally shared by the collective as their own,and the closed mentality tends to exclude the peer group from the self.From the perspective of utilitarianism,moral anomie in learning competition will disturb interpersonal relations and induce vicious competition.From the perspective of deontology,learners’motivation for and means of the creation of vicious competition lack legitimacy,and the egoism reflected in their behavior violates the moral princi‐ple of collectivism.We advocate the concept of“competition in morality”and realize common development through cooperation.Therefore,learners should actively participate in competition with an open and inclusive mind,and schools and society should create a learning environment conducive to healthy competition.

关 键 词：学习过程 竞争问题 道德失范 学习伦理 教育伦理学 

分 类 号：G420[文化科学—课程与教学论]