基于五运六气理论探讨明清时期温补学派和温病学派的形成  

Discussion About the Formation of the School of Warming and Tonifying and the School of Warm Diseases in the Ming and Qing Dynasties Based on the Theory of Five Circuits and Six Qi

作　　者：杨必安[1] 曹丽娟 韩雨欣 姚鑫 闫敏敏[1] 黄作阵[1] YANG Bi-An;CAO Li-juan;HAN Yu-xin;YAO Xin;YAN Min-min;HUANG Zuo-zhen(Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing,China,100029;Beijing Huguosi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Beijing,China,100000;China-Japan Friendship Hospital,Beijing,China,100029)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学,北京100029 [2]北京护国寺中医医院,北京100000 [3]中日友好医院,北京100029

出　　处：《河南中医》2022年第8期1152-1156,共5页Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：北京市中医药科技发展资金项目(JJ2018-78)。

摘　　要：明清之际,诞生了对后世影响深远的两大医学流派,包括以薛己、孙一奎、赵献可等为代表的温补学派,以及以吴又可、叶天士、吴鞠通等为代表的温病学派。温补学派形成原因有三:一,当时医生用药偏寒凉,久之必然败伤脾肾之阳;二,物候已变,其时处于“冷期”,寒冷伤阳,最终也会伤及脾肾阳气,导致脾肾阳虚;三,运气已变,当时的运气特征为太阳寒水司天,太阴湿土在泉,以寒湿之气偏甚为主,易伤及人体脾肾之阳。故明代医家采用温补之法,尤其是以温补脾肾为主,取得了较好疗效,开创了一个学派。温病学派形成于中国明代末年以后,代表医家有吴又可、叶桂、吴瑭、薛雪、王世雄、俞昌等,运气学为温病学派形成的重要因素。吴又可著《温疫论》,成书于1642年,处于73甲子,为厥阴风木大司天,少阳相火大在泉,容易爆发温病。叶桂所处时期为73甲子和74甲子,分别为厥阴风木大司天、少阳相火大在泉,和少阴君火大司天、阳明燥金大在泉,运气偏风、火、燥。吴鞠通从医时期在76甲子,即少阳相火大司天和厥阴风木大在泉,运气偏风火,温热病居多。此外,还有一些温病学家,其治疗疫病所遣处方均与运气学因素有较大关系。五运六气尤其是大司天的变化,直接影响了明清温补学派和温病学派的形成。During the Ming and Qing dynasties,two major medical schools with far-reaching impact on future generations were born,including the school of warming and tonifying represented by Xue Ji,Sun Yi-kui,Zhao Xian-ke,etc.and the school of warming diseases represented by Wu You-ke,Ye Tian-shi,and Wu Ju-tong,etc.There are three reasons for the formation of the school of warming and tonifying:First,doctors often used cold medicines at that time,and the yang of the spleen and kidney would be damaged after a long time.Second,the phenology had changed.At that time,it was in the "cold period".Cold injures yang,which will eventually injure spleen-kidney yang qi,resulting in spleen-kidney yang deficiency.Third,five circuits and six qi had changed.At that time,the characteristics were that the greater yang cold and water governed the heaven,and the greater yin dampness governed the earth.The cold and dampness was dominant,which was easy to hurt the spleen-kidney yang.Therefore,doctors in the Ming Dynasty adopted the method of warming and tonifying the spleen and kidney,which achieved good curative effect and created a school of thought.The school of warm diseases was formed after the late Ming Dynasty in China.The representative physicians are Wu You-xing,Ye Gui,Wu Tang,Xue Xue,Wang Shi-xiong,Yu Chang,etc.The theory of five circuits and six qi is an important factor in the formation of the school of warm diseases.Treatise on Pestilence,written by Wu You-xing in 1642,was at 73 cycle of sixty years in traditional Chinese when the reverting yin wind wood governed the heaven,lesser yang minister fire governed the earth,so it was prone to outbreak of epidemic warm diseases.Ye Gui lived in 73 and 74 cycle of sixty years in traditional Chinese,when the reverting yin wind wood governed the heaven,lesser yang minister fire governed the earth,and lesser yin sovereign fire governed the heaven,yang brightness dry metal governed the earth respectively.Wind,fire,and dryness were dominant.Wu Ju-tong was a doctor in 76 cycle of sixty years in tr

关 键 词：温补流派 温病学派 五运六气 明清时期 

分 类 号：R226[医药卫生—中医基础理论]