3种野生兔头鲀组织中河豚毒素含量及肌肉中重金属、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物质营养元素含量的测定及分析  

Determination and Analysis of Tetrodotoxin Content in Tissues and Contents of Heavy Metals,Amino Acids,Fatty Acids and Mineral Nutrients in Muscles of Three Wild Puffer Fish Lagocephalus

作　　者：徐羊羊 许旻[2] 陈晓婷[2] 林河通[1] 刘智禹[2] XU Yangyang;XU Min;CHEN Xiaoting;LIN Hetong;LIU Zhiyu(College of Food Science,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province,National Research and Development Center for Marin Fish Processing,Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian Province,Xiamen 361013,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学食品科学学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建省水产研究所国家海水鱼类加工技术研发分中心,福建省海洋生物增养殖与高值化利用重点实验室,福建厦门361013

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2022年第3期28-35,共8页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：2020年度福建省海洋经济发展专项;2020年福建省渔业结构调整专项资金项目.

摘　　要：本文通过测定和评价2019年11月捕自海南省儋州市渔场的体质量191~218 g淡鳍兔头鲀Lagocephalus wheeleri、体质量205~233 g黑鳃兔头鲀Lagocephalus inermis和体质量187~227 g的暗鳍兔头鲀Lagocephalus gloveri肌肉的河豚毒素、重金属、一般营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物质营养元素的含量,可为3种野生河鲀的可食用开发利用提供依据。结果显示,3种河鲀肌肉中河豚毒素检测均无毒,重金属含量均未超标;暗鳍兔头鲀中水分含量达到79.77%,显著高于淡鳍兔头鲀(77.70%)和黑鳃兔头鲀(77.73%)(P<0.05);淡鳍兔头鲀(20.40%)和黑鳃兔头鲀(20.73%)粗蛋白含量显著高于暗鳍兔头鲀(18.60%)(P<0.05)。3种河鲀肌肉的∑EAA/∑TAA为39.49%~41.07%,符合FAO/WHO模式在质量较优的蛋白质氨基酸组成;河鲀肌肉的粗脂肪(0.20%~0.43%)含量较低,黑鳃兔头鲀和暗鳍兔头鲀肌肉的饱和脂肪酸(0.04%~0.15%)、单不饱和脂肪酸(0.01%~0.10%)和多不饱和脂肪酸(0.05%~0.22%)显著高于淡鳍兔头鲀(P<0.05);淡鳍兔头鲀肌肉P5+含量较高(2093.33 mg/kg),黑鳃兔头鲀肌肉Fe3+含量较高(10.36 mg/kg),暗鳍兔头鲀Na+含量较高(1926.67 mg/kg)。研究发现,3种河鲀均属于高蛋白、低脂肪型经济鱼类,肌肉中氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物质元素含量丰富、比例均衡,具有较高的营养价值。The contents of tetrodotoxin,heavy metals,proximate nutrients,amino acids,fatty acids,and mineral nutrient elements were measured and evaluated in muscles of wild Lagocephalus wheeleri with body weight of 191~218 g,L.inermis with body weight of 205~233 g,and L.gloveri with body weight of 187~227 g captured from the fishing ground in Danzhou,Hainan Province in November 2019 to provide the basis for the edible development and utilization of three species of wild puffer fishes.The results showed that the tetrodotoxin was found to be nontoxic in muscles of the three puffer fishes,within the standard content of heavy metals.L.gloveri had moisture of 79.77%in muscle,significantly higher than that in the L.wheeleri(77.70%)and L.inermis(77.73%)(P<0.05).There was significantly higher crude protein content in L.wheeleri(20.40%)and L.inermis(20.73%)than that in L.gloveri(18.60%)(P<0.05).The sum of EAA/TAA was varied from 39.49%to 41.07%in the three puffer species,within FAO/WHO standard and with the maximal content of high quality amino acids,low crude fat(0.20%~0.43%)and 0.04%~0.15%of saturated fatty acids,0.01%~0.10%of monounsaturated fatty acids,and 0.05%~0.22%of polyunsaturated fatty acids in muscles,significantly higher in both L.inermis and L.gloveri than L.wheeleri(P<0.05).There were higher P5+content(2,093.33 mg/kg)in L.wheeleri,the maximal Fe3+content(10.36 mg/kg)in L.inermis,and the maximal Na+content(1,926.67 mg/kg)in L.gloveri.The findings indicated that the three species puffer are all high protein and low fat economic fishes,with rich and balanced proportion of amino acids,fatty acids and mineral elements,and had high nutritional value.

关 键 词：淡鳍兔头鲀 黑鳃兔头鲀 暗鳍兔头鲀 肌肉 营养成分 

分 类 号：TS254.7[轻工技术与工程—水产品加工及贮藏工程]