内隐和外显道德评价的比较研究——来自眼动的证据  

A Comparative Study on Explicit and Implicit Moral Evaluations:Evidence from Eye-tracking

作　　者：陶丹 彭苏浩 冷玥[1,2,3] 杨诗靓 邓慧华[1,2,3] Tao Dan;Peng Suhao;Leng Yue;Yang Shiliang;Deng Huihua(Department of Brain and Learning Science,School of Biomedical Science and Medical Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096;Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science(Ministry of Education),Nanjing 210096;Research Center for Learning Science,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096;School o£Economics and Management,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096)

机构地区：[1]东南大学生物科学与医学工程学院,南京210096 [2]儿童发展与学习科学教育部重点实验室(东南大学),南京210096 [3]东南大学学习科学研究中心,南京210096 [4]东南大学经济管理学院,南京210096

出　　处：《心理学探新》2022年第1期500-507,共8页Psychological Exploration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31500881);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2242020K40076);江苏省高校研究生科研创新项目(KYCX17_0159)。

摘　　要：为探索内隐道德直觉和外显道德推理在道德评价中的差异及其内在机制,此研究将道德图片内容限定在伤害/关心维度,同时考虑道德效价以及情绪唤醒度,利用眼动追踪技术,考察内隐和外显道德任务中,道德直觉和道德推理的眼动轨迹及其加工过程差异。眼动结果发现,外显和内隐任务中个体均对低唤醒道德图片的首次注视时间更短,对低唤醒不道德图片总注视时间更长;内隐任务和外显任务早期自动化加工阶段的平均凝视时间无显著差异;内隐任务中,对不道德图片比对道德图片晚期平均凝视时间更长,瞳孔直径在中晚期时显著增加。此研究结果提示无论是道德直觉过程还是道德推理过程都是意识和无意识之间的相互作用,但是道德直觉过程的加工可能存在时间上的滞后性。The present study aimed to explore the physiological mechanism and the difference between implicit moral intuition and explicit moral reasoning in moral evaluation.We adopted eye tracking technique to investigate the eye movement patterns of moral intuition and moral reasoning influenced by moral valence and emotional arousal during implicit and explicit moral tasks limited to harm/care domain.The eye tracking results revealed that the time to first fixation were shorter on low-arousal moral pictures and longer fixation time on low-arousal immoral pictures in both tasks;and there was no significant difference in dwell time between explicit and implicit tasks at the early stage;in implicit task,the dwell time was longer on immoral pictures than on moral pictures at the late stage,besides,individuals had greater pupil dilation at the middle and late stages.These results support that both moral intuition and moral reasoning involve interactions between consciousness and unconsciousness,however,moral intuition may have a lag in time.

关 键 词：内隐道德直觉 外显道德推理 伤害/关怀 眼动追踪 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]