施硒浓度及硒锌配施对水稻硒含量及品质的影响  

Effects of selenium concentrations and combined application of selenium and zinc on selenium content and quality of rice

作　　者：匡恩俊 迟凤琴 张久明 宿庆瑞 张一雯 刘亦丹 李永顺 朱宝国[3] 陈磊[4] KUANG Enjun;CHI Fengqin;ZHANG Jiuming;SU Qingrui;ZHANG Yiwen;LIU Yidan;LI Yongshun;ZHU Baoguo;CHEN Lei(Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization,Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150086,Heilongjiang;College of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,Heilongjiang;Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jiamusi 154007,Heilongjiang;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Fangzheng County in Heilongjiang Province,Fangzheng 150800,Heilongjiang)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院,黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [4]黑龙江省方正县农业技术推广中心,黑龙江方正150800

出　　处：《长江大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第5期98-105,共8页Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“黑土地耕地立地条件和剖面性状关键指标精准测定技术与应用”(2021YFD1500202);农业农村部资助项目“国家大豆产业体系”(CARS-04);黑龙江省农业农村厅资助项目“黑龙江省绿色有机农业产业体系”;中国科学院先导项目“水稻土和白浆土质量与产能提升三江示范区项目”(XDA28100400);黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”项目“黑土耕地资源可持续利用技术研究与示范”(HNK2019CX13)。

摘　　要：通过对水稻叶面喷施硒肥,探讨了不同浓度的硒以及硒锌配施对增加稻米硒含量、提高产量及改善品质的效果。结果表明:不同浓度的硒能显著提高稻米硒含量,增加幅度为133.3%~508.3%,随着浓度的升高呈先增高再降低的趋势,以Se_(3)浓度(1.8g/L)稻米硒的增加最高为508.3%,硒锌配施(Se_(2)+Zn)比单施同浓度的硒(Se_(2))增加了11.5%,锌硒之间的协同能够促进稻米硒的累积;施硒、锌能够不同程度增加水稻的产量,增产幅度最高可达22.7%,其中以Se_(2)+Zn增产幅度最高,适量的硒对水稻有增产的作用;叶面喷施不同浓度的硒、锌能够促进稻米中粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量的增加,粗蛋白质含量增幅最高可达24.4%,粗脂肪含量增加121%~320%,对粗淀粉没有显著影响;同时,氨基酸总量随着施硒浓度的增加而增加,4种必需氨基酸(苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸)和5种非必需氨基酸(天门冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、精氨酸)都有不同程度的提升。可见,低浓度的硒与锌的配合,可达到水稻富硒、增产和改善品质的目的。By spraying selenium fertilizer on rice leaves,the effects of different concentrations of selenium and combinedapplication of selenium and zinc on increasing selenium content,yield,and quality of rice were studied.The results show that different concentrations of selenium can significantly increase the selenium content of rice,with an increasing range of 133.3%~508.3%,and it increases first and then decreases with the increase of concentration.The maximumincrease of selenium in rice with Se_(3) concentration(1.8g/L)is 508.3%,and selenium in rice increases 11.5%by the combined application of selenium and zinc(Se_(2)+Zn)compared with the single application of selenium(Se_(2))with the same concentration.The synergy between zinc and selenium can promote the accumulation of selenium in rice.Theapplication of selenium and zinc can increase the yield of rice in different degrees,with the maximum increase of 22.7%,among which Se_(2)+Zn has the highest yield increase,and an appropriate amount of selenium can increase the yield of rice.Foliar spraying of different concentrations of selenium and zinc can promote the increase of crude protein and crude fat content in rice,with the crude protein content increasing up to 24.4%and crude fat content increasing by 121%~320%,without significant effects on crude starch.At the same time,the total amount of amino acidsincreases with the increase of selenium concentration.Four essential amino acids(Phe,Thr,Leu,Lys)and five non-essential amino acids(Asp,Ser,Glu,Ala,Arg)all increase in varying degrees.It can be seen that the combination of low concentration of selenium and zinc can achieve the purpose of selenium enrichment,yield increase and quality improvement of rice.

关 键 词：施硒浓度 硒锌配施 水稻品质 硒含量 氨基酸 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]