教育惩罚的理性进路:回归教育性  

The Rational Approach to Educational Punishment:Return to Educational Nature

作　　者：张琼文 ZHANG Qiong-wen(College of Education,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200234

出　　处：《教育学报》2022年第3期36-46,共11页Journal of Educational Studies

摘　　要：作为一种规范性手段,“惩罚”在教育领域的使用,离不开对“教育”特性的分析。教育活动的价值意向性决定了惩罚需要有明确的目的指向和效果预设,教育对象的主体特殊性决定了惩罚需要合乎伦理要求,并遵循儿童的身心规律。基于此,在理论层面须进一步明晰教育惩罚的存在价值,并廓清其使用限度。从客观形式上,惩罚依据教育规范发生并确保其公正性,起到维持教育秩序的作用;从主观认识上,惩罚遵循“理性人”假设,指向学生的责任判断意识。但教育惩罚作为一种否定干预手段,其所能达到的教育效果十分有限,在实践中也常常因使用不当而面临合理性丧失的危险。因此,教育惩罚的使用需要小心谨慎,遵循教育规范的发生逻辑与儿童的认知情感规律,使之使用更为恰当。It is vital to analyze the essence of education nature when punishment is used as a normative method in education.The value intentionality of education determines that punishment should have a clear aim and effect presupposition.The particularity of the subject to education determines that punishment should conform to ethical requirements,and follow the laws of children’s physical and mental.Therefore,it is necessary to further clarify the value and limits of educational punishment at the theoretical level.From an objective form,punishment follows educational norms and ensures its fairness,which plays a role in maintaining educational order.From subjective understanding,punishment follows the hypothesis of“rational person”,and oriented to students’sense of responsibility judgment.However,as a negative intervention means,educational punishment has limited effects and often used improperly in practice.Therefore,the use of punishment should be treated with caution,educators should follow the educational norms and the development laws of children’s cognitive and emotion,to make it more appropriate.

关 键 词：教育惩罚 规范 儿童 教育性 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理]