乡村小规模学校课程“开齐开足开好”的师资难题及其治理——基于共享发展的思路  

Governance on Teacher Allocation Problems for the Complete-enough-perfect Course Offering of Rural Small-scale Schools:Based on the Idea of Shared Development

作　　者：杨卫安[1] 岳丹丹 YANG Wei-an;YUE Dan-dan(China Institute of Rural Education Development,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学中国农村教育发展研究院,长春130024

出　　处：《教育学报》2022年第3期82-92,共11页Journal of Educational Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2017年度一般项目“城镇化背景下我国义务教育教师编制供需矛盾与编制制度改革研究”(项目编号:17BGL258)研究成果。

摘　　要：随着我国城镇化进程的加快和人口的自然减少,乡村学校出现小型化趋势。乡村小规模学校师资存在数量不足、质量不高、结构性缺失等难题,影响了课程“开齐开足开好”的实现。传统小规模学校独立配置教师的思路面临多重障碍,难以有效解决课程开设问题。共享发展模式打破了师资配置的学校边界,具有自身独特的优势。依据共享发展的思路,在治理路径上要以“一专多能”培养的教师作为乡村小规模学校发展的基石,完善区域内教师交流、走教制度,并把信息技术作为重要的辅助手段。同时,通过建立教师“县管校用”的多部门协调机制,健全促进教师共享交流的激励保障机制,完善和强化考核监督机制,为学校教师交流共享提供保障。With the acceleration of China’s urbanization process and the natural reduction of the population,the rural schools show the tendency of miniaturization.There are many problems such as insufficient quantity,low quality and structurally deficient of teachers in rural small-scale schools,which affect the realization of“complete-enough-perfect”course offering.The traditional idea providing teachers independently for every small-scale school is faced with multiple obstacles and it is difficult to solve the problem of course offering effectively.The shared development mode breaks the school boundary of the teacher allocation and has unique advantages.According to the idea of shared development,governance paths include training“professional and versatile”teachers which should be regarded as the cornerstone for the development of rural small-scale schools,improving the intra-regional teachers exchange and trans-school teaching system,and taking information technology as an important auxiliary means.Meanwhile,providing guarantee for the teachers exchange and sharing by establishing a multi-department coordination mechanism of teachers“county administrating and school employing”system,improving the incentive and guarantee mechanism for promoting teachers’sharing and communication,completing and strengthening the assessment and supervision mechanism.

关 键 词：乡村小规模学校 共享发展 课程“开齐开足开好” 教师配置 

分 类 号：G451.2[文化科学—教育学]