Immunotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma:From clinical trials to real-world data and future advances  

作　　者：Kathrine S Rallis Dimitrios Makrakis Ioannis A Ziogas Georgios Tsoulfas 

机构地区：[1]Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry,Queen Mary University of London,London E12AD,United Kingdom [2]Surgery Working Group,Society of Junior Doctors,Athens 15123,Greece [3]Division of Oncology,University of Washington School of Medicine,Seattle,WA 98195,United States [4]Department of Surgery,Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation,Vanderbilt University Medical Center,Nashville,Tennessee 37232,United States [5]Department of Transplantation Surgery,Aristotle University School of Medicine,Thessaloniki 54622,Greece

出　　处：《World Journal of Clinical Oncology》2022年第6期448-472,共25页世界临床肿瘤学杂志（英文版）

摘　　要：Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide.HCC is an inflammation-associated immunogenic cancer that frequently arises in chronically inflamed livers.Advanced HCC is managed with systemic therapies;the tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI)sorafenib has been used in 1st-line setting since 2007.Immunotherapies have emerged as promising treatments across solid tumors including HCC for which immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)are licensed in 1st-and 2nd-line treatment setting.The treatment field of advanced HCC is continuously evolving.Several clinical trials are investigating novel ICI candidates as well as new ICI regimens in combination with other therapeutic modalities including systemic agents,such as other ICIs,TKIs,and anti-angiogenics.Novel immunotherapies including adoptive cell transfer,vaccine-based approaches,and virotherapy are also being brought to the fore.Yet,despite advances,several challenges persist.Lack of real-world data on the use of immunotherapy for advanced HCC in patients outside of clinical trials constitutes a main limitation hindering the breadth of application and generalizability of data to this larger and more diverse patient cohort.Consequently,issues encountered in real-world practice include patient ineligibly for immunotherapy because of contraindications,comorbidities,or poor performance status;lack of response,efficacy,and safety data;and cost-effectiveness.Further real-world data from high-quality large prospective cohort studies of immunotherapy in patients with advanced HCC is mandated to aid evidence-based clinical decision-making.This review provides a critical and comprehensive overview of clinical trials and real-world data of immunotherapy for HCC,with a focus on ICIs,as well as novel immunotherapy strategies underway.

关 键 词：Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver cancer IMMUNOTHERAPY Immune checkpoint inhibitors Clinical trials Real-world data 

分 类 号：R735.7[医药卫生—肿瘤]