高等教育教学数字化转型的愿景、挑战与对策  

Digital Transformation in Higher Education Teaching and Learning: Vision, Challenges and Responses

作　　者：李铭 韩锡斌[2] 李梦 周潜[2] Li Ming;Han Xibin;Li Meng;Zhou Qian(International Centre for Higher Education Innovation under the Auspices of UNESCO,Shenzhen 518055,Guangdong;Institute of Education,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]联合国教科文组织高等教育创新中心,广东深圳518055 [2]清华大学教育研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国电化教育》2022年第7期23-30,共8页China Educational Technology

摘　　要：数字技术不断创新并逐步融入社会、经济、政治等各个方面,引发了高等教育人才培养理念、方式和治理体系的系统性变革。该文首先对高等教育教学数字化转型研究及实践的背景和现状进行了综述;其次采用一个二维框架来描述高等教育教学数字化转型的系统结构和发展过程,借此展示教学数字化转型的未来愿景。高等教育教学是一个复杂系统,包含院校、专业、课程与教学、教师、学生和教学质量保障体系等要素。高等教育教学数字化转型也是一个逐步演化的过程,既承接数字化应用于教学的历史,又面向数字化驱动教学方式转型的未来。该框架将高等教育教学数字化转型分为融合、转型初级和转型高级三个发展阶段。最后分析了高等教育教学数字化转型面临的挑战,包括技术变革带来的数字鸿沟、高等教育教学体系已有惯性的制约、基于经验的教学管理与决策缺乏规范性与科学性、单一并缺乏灵活的学分学位认证体系、传统的班级和课程制度限制差异化教学发展、教师借助数字化创新教学的实践能力薄弱、学生缺乏数字化学习的自我管理能力、知识的碎片化带给学习者的选择困境、已有教育理论难以指导数字时代的复杂教学实践等,并提出相应的对策。The continuous innovation and gradual integration of digital technologies into all aspects of society, economy and politics has triggered a systematic change in the philosophy, approach, and governance system of higher education teaching and learning.Firstly, the background and current situation of research and practice on digital transformation in higher education teaching and learning is reviewed;secondly, a two-dimensional framework is adopted to describe the systemic structure and development process of digital transformation in higher education teaching and learning, thereby demonstrating the future vision of the digital transformation.Teaching and learning in higher education is a complex system comprising elements such as institutions, academic programs, curricula and teaching, teachers, students and quality assurance systems. The digital transformation in higher education teaching and learning is also a gradual evolutionary process, taking on the history of digital applications in teaching and learning and looking towards a future of digitally driven transformation of teaching and learning. The framework divides the digital transformation in higher education teaching and learning into three stages of development: integration, primary transformation, and advanced transformation. It concludes with an analysis of the challenges facing the digital transformation in higher education teaching and learning, including the digital divide brought about by technological change, the constraints of the existing inertia of the higher education teaching and learning system, teaching management and decision-making based on intuitive experience, Lack of cross-major academic programs and a fiexible credit and degree certification system, the development of differentiated teaching constrained by the traditional class and course system, teachers’ insufficient practical capacity in digital teaching innovations, self-management ability for digital learning lacking among students, blindness and choice dilemma brought by fragm

关 键 词：数字化转型 高等教育 数字化教学变革 挑战与对策 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]