中高级水平留学生嵌偶单音词的习得研究  

Study on the Acquisition of Qian’ou Monosyllabic Words by Intermediate and Advanced Level Foreign Students

作　　者：冯耀艺 骆健飞 FENG Yaoyi;LUO Jianfei

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学汉语进修学院

出　　处：《国际汉语教学研究》2022年第2期75-86,共12页Journal of International Chinese Teaching

基　　金：教育部中外语言交流合作中心2021年国际中文教育研究课题一般项目“国际中文教育书面语写作教学研究”(21YH36C);北京语言大学研究生创新基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金)项目(22YCX120)的成果。

摘　　要：现代汉语中存在着一批必须组单成双之后才能独立使用的单音节文言词,这类词被称为“嵌偶单音词”。它们具有特殊的语体特征和韵律结构,是现代汉语书面语的重要组成部分,也是留学生学习的难点所在。本文以问卷调查的方式对留学生习得嵌偶单音词的特点进行考察与分析,结果发现:(1)嵌偶结构的使用频率会影响习得难度;(2)庄典体与非庄典体结构习得难度不同;(3)不同句法位置的嵌偶单音词在习得难度上存在差异;(4)与嵌偶单音词有关的韵律偏误明显多于选字偏误。本文建议,在讲练嵌偶单音词时,教师应注重语体转换的训练,并强调嵌偶单音词在韵律和句法上的诸多特点,以避免出现相关偏误。There are a number of monosyllabic classical Chinese words in modern Chinese that can only be used independently after they are combined into pairs.These words are called“Qian’ou monosyllabic words”,which have special register features and prosodic structure.They are not only an important part of modern Chinese written language,but also a difficult point for foreign students to learn.This paper examines and analyzes the characteristics of international students’acquisition of Qian’ou monosyllabic words by means of a questionnaire.The results show that:(1)the frequency of the use of the Qian’ou structure will affect the difficulty of acquisition;(2)the difficulty of acquisition of elegant structure is different from that of informal structure;(3)the difficulty of acquisition of the Qian’ou monosyllabic words in different syntactic positions is different;(4)the prosodic errors related to the Qian’ou monosyllabic words are obviously more than the error of choosing words.This paper suggests that teachers should pay attention to the training of register conversion and emphasize the prosodic and syntactic features of the words in order to avoid errors.

关 键 词：嵌偶单音词 韵律 语体 偏误分析 汉语教学 

分 类 号：H195.3[语言文字—汉语]