人工智能发展会扩大收入差距吗——理论假说与省级证据  

Does the Development of the Artificial Intelligence Enlarge China’s Income Gap: Theoretical Hypothesis and Provincial Evidence

作　　者：刘红英[1] 朱琪[2] LIU Hong-ying;ZHU Qi(School of Business,Shaoguan University,Shaoguan 512005,China;School of Economics and Management,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]韶关学院商学院,广东韶关512005 [2]华南师范大学经济管理学院,广州510006

出　　处：《云南财经大学学报》2022年第6期1-14,共14页Journal of Yunnan University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“数字经济视角下人工智能技术的收入分配效应研究”(GD20CYJ22);广东省教育科学“十三五规划”项目“粤港澳大湾区背景下广东省制造业智能化升级的机理与路径研究”(2020GXJK136);韶关学院校级科研重点项目“新贸易形势下知识产权保护对广东省制造业出口产品质量升级的影响机理和路径研究”(SZ2019SK01)。

摘　　要：基于人工智能的技术偏向性视角,理论诠释了人工智能的数据偏向、资本偏向和技能偏向性对行业之间、要素之间和异质性劳动者之间收入差距的影响机理。实证研究表明,人工智能发展有利于缩小中国行业收入差距,但会显著降低劳动收入份额,并提高劳动者技能溢价水平,该结论通过了内生性和稳健性检验。人工智能发展对中国收入差距的影响具有区域和时期异质性,中西部人工智能发展对收入差距的影响效应与全国样本一致,但东部人工智能发展对行业收入差距、东部整体和服务业部门的劳动份额影响不显著,人工智能对中国收入差距扩大的影响主要发生在人工智能的高速发展阶段。进一步检验发现,劳动生产率在人工智能与收入差距之间起着显著的中介或遮掩作用。Based on the technical-bias of artificial intelligence, the paper theoretically analyses the influencing mechanisms of the data-bias, capital-bias and skill-bias of artificial intelligence on the income gap between different industries, factors and heterogeneous labors respectively. The empirical results show that the development of artificial intelligence(AI) is conducive to narrowing the income gap among different industries. However, it significantly reduces the labor income share and increases the skill premium of laborers. The conclusions have passed endogenous and robust tests. The study also shows that the impact of AI development on the income gap has regional and period heterogeneity. The impact of AI on the income gap of the central and western China is consistent with that of the national sample, while the impacts of AI development in eastern China on the industrial income gap, the overall labor income share and the labor income share in service industry are not significant. The impact of AI on widening China’s income gap mainly occurs in the rapid development stage of AI. Further research shows that labor productivity plays a significant mediating or hiding role between AI and income gap.

关 键 词：人工智能 收入差距 劳动收入份额 技能溢价 劳动生产率 

分 类 号：C971[经济管理—劳动经济] F24