中文阅读中快速读者与慢速读者的词频效应  

Word Frequency Effects in Fast and Slow Readers During Skilled Chinese Reading

作　　者：张慢慢[1,2,3] 胡惠兰 边菡 李芳 张志超[2] 臧传丽 ZHANG Manman;HU Huilan;BIAN Han;LI Fang;ZHANG Zhichao;ZANG Chuanli(Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education,Academy of Psychology and Behavior,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387;Faculty of Psychology,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387;Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students’Mental Development and Learning,Tianjin 300387)

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地天津师范大学心理与行为研究院,天津300387 [2]天津师范大学心理学部,天津300387 [3]学生心理发展与学习天津市高校社会科学实验室,天津300387

出　　处：《心理与行为研究》2022年第3期304-310,共7页Studies of Psychology and Behavior

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31800920,31571122)。

摘　　要：在熟练的中文阅读中,个体阅读效率越高,词汇加工效率是否越高,目前还缺少直接证据。本研究通过记录快速读者与慢速读者在阅读含有高频或低频目标词句子时的眼动轨迹来考察该问题。结果发现,在第一遍注视时间、回视路径时间和总注视时间上,快速读者对高频词与低频词的注视时间无显著差异,但都短于慢速读者;而慢速读者对低频词的注视时间显著长于高频词。即快速读者的早期词汇识别和后期词汇整合效率都较高,不受词频影响;而慢速读者的整个词汇加工效率较低,受词频影响较大。这些结果表明两组读者的词汇加工模式具有本质差异,符合个体差异性观点与词汇质量假说。Research on alphabetic language reading has shown that highly skilled readers were more efficient at lexical processing than less skilled readers.However,it remains unclear whether lexical processing shows different patterns between fast readers and slow readers during skilled Chinese reading.The current study aimed to examine this issue by comparing the word frequency effects in fast and slow readers.Fifteen groups of fast and slow readers were selected from a total number of 67 participants based on their reading rates.Each participant was required to read sentences containing either high-or low-frequent target words while their eye movements were recorded by an EyeLink1000 Plus eye tracker.The results showed robust word frequency effect and reading group effect.Importantly,word frequency effect was modulated by reading group such that the word frequency effect was only reliable in slow readers rather than in fast readers.In conclusion,lexical processing in fast readers is highly efficient and is less influenced by word frequency than that in slow readers,indicating that individual differences in skilled Chinese readers are associated with“type”rather than“degree”.This finding provides strong evidence for lexical quality hypothesis and the linguistic-proficiency hypothesis in the E-Z Reader model.

关 键 词：阅读速度 词频效应 中文阅读 眼动 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]