中国传统译论“神似”的认知语义学阐释  

A Cognitive Semantic Interpretation of the Classic Chinese Translation Concept Shensi

作　　者：周远航 周红民[2] ZHOU Yuanhang;ZHOU Hongmin(Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,China;Nanjing Xiaozhuang University,Nanjing,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学外国语学院 [2]南京晓庄学院

出　　处：《中国翻译》2022年第3期29-38,191,共11页Chinese Translators Journal

摘　　要：“神似”是中国最重要的翻译话语,先前对“神似”的探讨和研究存在模糊性和主观性。为了使该论题的探讨更为客观,本文拟将“神似”纳入认知框架之内,以认知语义学来阐述“神韵”的生成机制,对传统诗学提倡的“神韵”进行解读。认为“神韵”是通过语言的有效刺激,激活读者先前的经验和知识储备,在大脑中产生影像,通过推理获取意义、韵味、情感体验的认知过程。在此基础上提出了“神似”的三个层次来分析“神似”的可能性,认为翻译中的“神似”与认知模式有关,如果两种文化的认知模式相同,翻译容易产生神似;如果不同,翻译要么产生相仿的神韵效果,要么会减损或灭失原作的神韵。A translation concept derived from classical Chinese poetics,shensi(spiritual resemblance)has understandably become a favorite topic for translation scholars in China.However,the study of this concept has so far been based largely on the investigators’intuitions,and what it signifies exactly remains fuzzy and equivocal.For its conceptual clarification,this paper takes a fresh look at the generative mechanism of shenyun,which constitutes shensi’s semantic core,from the perspective of cognitive semantics.Within this chosen theoretical framework,shenyun is understood as the mental activity triggered when the thinker’s stored experiences and knowledge are linguistically activated,and representable as a schema which leads,through cognitive process,to conceptual,aesthetic and emotional experiences.Based on this understanding,the achievement of shensi in translation becomes differentiated.If the normative cognitive model of the source culture coincides with that of the target culture,it is easy for a translator to create shensi or a resemblance of shenyun through literal translation.If the two cognitive models concerned are different,the translator could either adopt non-literal approaches to create an equivalent to the original’s shenyun,or stick to literal translation at the expense of a reduced shensi effect.

关 键 词：神韵 神似 认知语义学 分类及认知阐释 

分 类 号：H059[语言文字—语言学]