福建苦茶资源不同叶位儿茶素及嘌呤生物碱组分分析  

Catechins and Purine Alkaloids in Leaves Located Differently on a Plant of Various Bitter Teas in Fujian

作　　者：曾珊珊 陈潇敏 邵淑贤 廖龙华 吴文晞 赵峰 叶乃兴[1] ZENG Shan-shan;CHEN Xiao-min;SHAO Shu-xian;LIAO Long-hua;WU Wen-xi;ZHAO Feng;YE Nai-xing(College of Horticulture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian,350002,China;Fujian Yongganhua Tea Industry Co.,Ltd.,Fuzhou,Fujian,350011,China;Hengzheng Testing Technology Company,Fuzhou,Fujian,350100,China;Fujian University of Chinese Medicine,Fuzhou,Fujian,350122,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学园艺学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建咏甘华茶业有限公司,福建福州350011 [3]福建恒正检测技术有限公司,福建福州350100 [4]福建中医药大学药学院,福建福州350122

出　　处：《茶叶学报》2022年第2期65-72,共8页Acta Tea Sinica

基　　金：安溪茶叶重大科技创新专项(AX2021001);福建农林大学科技创新专项基金项目(CXZX2020123B);福建张天福茶叶发展基金会科技创新基金(FJZTF01)。

摘　　要：以福建安溪、云霄和大田苦茶资源为研究对象,‘福鼎大白茶’为对照种,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)、超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定了茶树春梢不同叶位的儿茶素组分和嘌呤生物碱组分含量。结果表明:福建安溪、云霄和大田苦茶含有特异成分表没食子儿茶素-3-O-(3-O-甲基)没食子酸酯(EGCG3"Me)和苦茶碱(TC),其中云霄苦茶和大田苦茶的TC含量大于30 mg·g^(-1),属于高苦茶碱茶树种质,云霄苦茶的嘌呤生物碱总量大于70 mg·g^(-1),属于高嘌呤生物碱茶树种质;对照种福鼎大白茶不含TC,仅在第一叶中检出EGCG3"Me(含量为3.07 mg·g^(-1))。参试苦茶资源的儿茶素总量在茶树新梢上的分布是随着叶位的增加,其含量先增加再减少,在第三、第四叶位达到最大值,嘌呤生物碱含量与鲜叶成熟度呈负相关关系。不同叶位的EGCG3"Me和TC含量差异显著,安溪苦茶和云霄苦茶的EGCG3"Me和TC含量随叶位增加呈递增,而在大田苦茶中的变化规律不明显;3份苦茶资源春梢第三、第四叶的EGCG3"Me含量均大于10mg·g^(-1),本研究结果可为福建特异茶树种质资源的挖掘,苦茶资源的研究与利用提供参考。Leaves from the bitter tea plants at Anxi,Yunxiao,and Datian in Fujian Province,as well as those from Camellia sinensis‘Fuding Dabaicha’as reference,were collected for the study.Contents of catechins and purine alkaloids in the spring shoots located differently on a plant were determined using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).The results showed the leaves from the Anxi,Yunxiao,and Datian tea plants contained EGCG3"Me and theacrine.The theacrine in Yunxiao and Datian bitter tea leaves exceeded 30 mg·g^(-1)rendering those germplasms in the high-theacrine category.Whereas the high content of total purine alkaloids of more than 70 mg·g^(-1)in the Yunxiao bitter tea leaves making that cultivar in the highpurine alkaloid category.Fuding Dabaicha contained no theacrine but EGCG3"Me at a concentration of 3.07 mg·g^(-1)in the 1st shoots.The total catechins increased initially and followed by a decline with the leaf position on a branch to reach the highest on the 3rd or the 4th leaves,while the alkaloids negatively correlated with the order(or,maturity).The contents of EGCG3"Me and theacrine in the Anxi and Yunxiao leaves increased with the order of position,but no apparent trend found on the Datian bitter tea.EGCG3"Me in the 3rd and 4th spring shoots in the 3 bitter tea cultivars all exceeded 10 mg·g^(-1).The results can provide a reference for the excavation of specific tea germplasm resources in Fujian and the research and utilization of bittre tea resources.

关 键 词：茶树 苦茶 叶位 EGCG3"Me 苦茶碱 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]