基于城市形态参数的沈阳地表热环境评估方法及规划响应  

An Assessment Method and Planning Responses for the Thermal Environment of Land Surfaces in Shenyang Based on Urban Morphology Parameters

作　　者：周诗文[1] 石铁矛[2] 李绥 李殿生[2] ZHOU Shiwen;SHI Tiemao;LI Sui;LI Diansheng(College of Architecture and Planning,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang 110168,China;Institute of Space Planning and Design,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang 110168,China;Institute of Ecological Planning and Green Building,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang 110168,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳建筑大学建筑与规划学院,沈阳110168 [2]沈阳建筑大学空间规划与设计研究院,沈阳110168 [3]沈阳建筑大学生态规划与绿色建筑研究院,沈阳110168

出　　处：《工业建筑》2022年第5期42-50,共9页Industrial Construction

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC0704600);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51978421,51878418)。

摘　　要：掌握城市空间形态特征对热环境的影响机理是提升城市气候适应性的关键,构建科学的热环境效应预测模型是改善城市气候环境的有效途径。以沈阳市为研究对象,建立表征空间容量和形态特征的参数集,通过与地表温度的相关性分析识别了关键参数,采用主成分分析法构建了面向城市规划的热环境指数评估模型。研究结果表明:在不同的形态参数中,分别以叶面积指数、建筑容积率、天空开阔度与城市热环境的相关显著性更高,由热环境指数评估模型形成的沈阳市热环境空间分布图,较好地反映了研究区热环境效应分布现状。由此划分了沈阳市热环境空间单元,根据模型的参数构成及空间单元分布的情况,有针对性地提出了城市尺度的热环境格局优化和场地尺度的形态量化导控策略,为改善城市热环境效应提供了可操作性强的规划指标。To master the influence mechanisms of urban spatial form on the thermal environment is essential to improve urban climate adaptability, and to construct a scientific prediction model for the thermal environment effect is an effective way to improve the urban climate environment. Taking Shenyang as an object, a set of parameters to represent the spatial capacity and form characteristics was established, the key parameters were identified through correlation analysis with surface temperatures, and a evaluation model of thermal environment indexes for urban planning was established using the principal element analysis method. The results showed that: in the different form parameters, the leaf area index, the building floor area ratio and the sky view factor were more significant correlated with the urban thermal environment, the spatial distribution map for Shenyang thermal environment was constructed by the evaluation model of the thermal enviroment index could reflect the distribution status of the thermal emironment effect better in the study area, and the spatial units of the thermal environment were divided. According to the parameters of the model and the distribution of the spatial units, the layout optimization of the thermal environment in the scale of the city and the guidance and control strategies for the form quantiation in the site scale were proposed directly, which could provide the planning index of strong operability to improve the urban thermal environment effect.

关 键 词：城市形态 热环境 评估模型 导控策略 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]