“工匠精神”的历史演变——基于人类社会形态变迁的视角  

The Historical Evolution of“Craftsman Spirit”—Based on Changes in the Form of Human Society

作　　者：宋晶[1] SONG Jing(Institute of Technology and Vocational Education,Shenzhen Polytechnic,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳职业技术学院技术与职业教育研究所,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《深圳职业技术学院学报》2022年第4期41-48,共8页Journal of Shenzhen Polytechnic

基　　金：深圳市人文社科重点研究基地深职院新时代中国职业教育研究中心(2020-2022);新时代职业院校创新立德树人落实机制路径的研究与实践,2021年中国职教学会课题(SZ21B028);产教融合共育“工匠精神”的有效模式研究——基于深圳职业技术学院专业群建设的调研分析,2019年党建与思政课题;人工智能背景下专业人才培养模式改革研究,2020年校级项目(7020310023);发力基础研究,引领原始创新的深圳科创策略与路径探索,深圳市哲学社会科学规划共建课题(SZ2021D017)。

摘　　要：在人类文明演进的历史长河中,技艺发展的每个时期都涌现出许多卓越工匠,正是工匠群体的优良精神品质助推了今天光辉灿烂的世界文明。无论是远古时代匠人尊崇的道技合一、忠于职业的操守,还是现代工匠恣意追求的精益求精、创新思维的职业伦理与工作态度,均架构出了不同时期和样态的社会风骨。“工匠精神”随人类社会形态变迁可大致划分为四个阶段,即以朴素切磋、推崇圣人为特征的萌芽阶段,以精艺崇德、师徒承继为特征的发展阶段,以技艺割裂、向度单一为特征的衰弱阶段,以倡导推陈出新、精益求精为特征的复兴阶段。研究发现,人类数千年来不断增长的经验和技术推动着技术史绵延不断地向前延续,同时,人类执着探究的关于人生和物质的关系、观念和态度,更积淀为今人的精气神,使历史不断地叠加、生成于历史。In the long history of the development and evolution of human civilization,many outstanding craftsmen have emerged.The craftsmen’s collective wisdom has helped to achieve a brilliant world civilization.Be it ancient or modern time,it is their pursuit of perfection and innovation,together with their work ethic,that constitutes the unique“craftsman spirit”.The study has found that under the impetus of technological progress and with the changes in human social form,the“craftsman spirit”can be roughly divided into four stages of historical development:the embryonic stage characterized by simple competition and admiration of saints;the stage of development characterized by fine art reverence and master-apprentice succession;a stage of decline characterized by fragmentation of skills and a single dimension;a stage of rejuvenation characterized by advocating innovation and excellence.For centuries,people’s experience accumulates with time,and technologies are improving as well.History is thus made because of human beings’insatiable curiosity of probing the relationship between themselves and this material world.

关 键 词：工匠精神 工匠 技艺 学徒制 职业教育 创新思维 

分 类 号：G710[文化科学—职业技术教育学]