中偏高温机制与人工大曲主要生物理化指标比较研究  

Comparative Study on Main Biological and Physicochemical Indexes of Machine-Made and Hand-Made Medium-Temperature Daqu

作　　者：刘超[1] 何平 罗明有 王松[2] 周瑞平[1] 刘江 付雨晴 胡斌 张玉 唐代云 LIU Chao;HE Ping;LUO Mingyou;WANG Song;ZHOU Ruiping;LIU Jiang;FU Yuqing;HU Bin;ZHANG Yu;TANG Daiyun(Xufu Distillery Co.Ltd.,Yibin,Sichuan 644600;Sichuan Key Laboratory of Solid-state Fermentation Resources Utilization,Yibin University,Yibin,Sichuan 644600;Sichuan University of Science and Engineering,Yibin,Sichuan 644600,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省宜宾市叙府酒业股份有限公司,四川宜宾644600 [2]宜宾学院固态发酵资源利用四川省重点实验室,四川宜宾644600 [3]四川轻化工大学,四川宜宾644600

出　　处：《酿酒科技》2022年第7期52-59,共8页Liquor-Making Science & Technology

基　　金：川酒集团横向科研项目,项目编号:CJ202002。

摘　　要：为研究人工与机制中偏高温大曲微生物群落结构与理化差异,采用高通量测序与理化检测对储存6个月的人工和机制曲进行分析。结果表明,人工曲具有更高的糖化力、液化力、水分,机制曲的酸度、发酵力更高。微生物在门水平上,两种大曲样品中变形菌门、厚壁菌门为绝对优势细菌门;毛霉门与子囊菌门为优势真菌门,在人工曲中两者分布均衡,机制曲中子囊菌门占90%以上;在细菌属中,人工曲以肠杆菌属为主,其次是链球菌属、葡萄球菌属、魏斯氏菌属,机制曲以不动杆菌属为主,肠杆菌属、乳杆菌属、假单胞菌属为辅;真菌属中,人工曲以毛霉属、伊萨酵母属、根霉属、曲霉属、假丝酵母属为主,机制曲以伊萨酵母属、嗜热真菌属、毛霉属为主;不同的是人工曲霉菌种类多且丰度大,机制曲真菌主要为酵母属,霉菌含量少。韦恩图显示机制曲拥有比人工曲更多的细菌OTU数,真菌OTU数比人工曲少。研究表明,人工曲与机制曲微生物在属水平上有较大差异,理化方面各有优势,推测造成其差异的原因为机制曲水分含量低,不利于霉菌的生长,“穿衣”效果差,导致其糖化力及液化力不如人工曲,后期机制曲应适当提高含水量,注重保温保湿。In order to study the differences in microbial community structure and physicochemical indexes between machine-made and hand-made medium-temperature Daqu,high-throughput sequencing and physicochemical detection were adopted to analyze the machine-made and hand-made medium-temperature Daqu stored for 6 months.The results showed that the hand-made Daqu had higher saccharification power,liquefaction power and water content,while the machine-made Daqu had higher acidity and fermentation power.For both kinds of Daqu,Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the absolute dominant phyla,while Mucoromycota and Ascomycota were the dominant phyla.In the hand-made Daqu the abundance of Mucoromycota and Ascomycota was balanced,while Ascomycota accounted for more than 90%of the abundance in the machine-made Daqu.The dominant bacterial genera of the hand-made Daqu were Enterobacter,Streptococcus,Staphylococcus and Weissella;the dominant bacterial genera of the machine-made Daqu were Acinetobacter,Enterobacter,Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas.The dominant fungal genera of the hand-made Daqu were Mucormycosis,Issatchenkia,Rhizopus,Aspergillus and Candida;the dominant fungal genera of the machine-made Daqu were Issatchenkia,Thermomyces and Mucormycosis.The diversity and abundance of fungal species in the hand-made Daqu were higher than that in the machine-made Daqu.The Venn diagram showed that the machine-made Daqu had more bacterial OTU number than the hand-made Daqu,while the fungal OTU number of the machine-made Daqu was less than that of the hand-made Daqu.The research revealed that the hand-made Daqu and the machine-made Daqu had great differences in physicochemical indexes and microbes at the genus level.The cause of the differences was that the machine-made Daqu had less moisture,which was not beneficial to the growth of the mold.As a result,the saccharification power and liquefaction power of the machine-made Daqu were lower than that of the handmade Daqu.In future production practice,special attention should be paid to the tempera

关 键 词：中偏高温大曲 微生物群落 高通量测序技术 理化指标 

分 类 号：TS262.3[轻工技术与工程—发酵工程] TS261.1[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]