老年人健康不平等的发展趋势研究  

Study on the Development Trend of Health Inequality among the Elderly

作　　者：艾斌[1] AI Bin(School of Ethnology and Sociology,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《人口与经济》2022年第4期42-60,共19页Population & Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“老年人口的健康不平等问题及解决机制研究”(14BRK012)。

摘　　要：在我国进入“普雷斯顿曲线”转折点即将步入富裕国家行列,以及人口结构高龄化、疾病谱系慢病化、社会保障完善化等宏观健康场域发生转换的背景下,基于布迪厄社会实践理论,使用中日两地共同跟踪调查数据与结构方程模型,揭示了国家富裕化前后老年人健康不平等机制及其发展趋势。得出如下结论:第一,老年人的资本、惯习、健康具有以资本为基础的三角形生成性路径关系,老年人健康不平等包括资本通过资源直接路径作用于健康导致的系统健康差异和资本通过控制惯习的间接路径作用于健康导致的系统健康差异;第二,在国家富裕化前的宏观健康场域下,老年人健康不平等主要来自资本的直接路径;第三,国家富裕化引发宏观健康场域的转换,促使资本导致老年人健康不平等的总量有所消减,资本基于资源属性直接路径导致的健康不平等大幅度消减,而资本通过惯习控制行为属性间接路径导致的健康不平等大幅度上升。因此,在国家富裕化带来宏观健康场域转换过程中,资本对健康的外源性作用逐步下降,而对健康的内控性作用逐步上升,导致老年人健康不平等产生机制发生根本性改变,为我国消减老年人健康不平等政策提出新课题。China entered the turning point of the“Preston curve”to rich countries,which brought about the transformation of macro-health fields such as aging population structure,chronic diseases of the disease spectrum,and improvement of social security.Based on Bourdieu’s theory of social practice,this study used structural equation model by data from a joint tracking survey in China and Japan to reveal the mechanism and development trend of health inequality among the elderly before and after the country’s prosperity.The conclusions are as follows:First,the capital,habitus,and health of the elderly have a triangular generative path relationship based on capital.The health inequality among the elderly includes the systematic health difference caused by the direct path of capital acting on health and the indirect path of capital working on health through controlling habits.Second,in the macro-health field before the country’s prosperity,the health inequality among the elderly mainly came from the direct path of capital.Third,national wealth leads to the transformation of the macro-health field,which has reduces the total amount of health inequality caused by capital.The health inequality caused by the direct path of capital has decreased significantly,while the health inequality caused by the indirect path of capital through controlling habits has increased dramatically.Therefore,in the process of macro-health field transformation brought about by national affluence,the exogenous effect of capital on health gradually has decreased,while the internal control effect of capital on health gradually has increased,which leads to a fundamental change in the mechanism of health inequality among the elderly,and puts forward new topics for the elimination of health inequality among the elderly in China.

关 键 词：老年人口 健康不平等 资本 惯习 场域 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]