族别识异民族的认同心理机制:来自普米人的证据  

The Psychological Ethnic Identity of"Same Ethnicity but Different Ethnic Name":an Analysis on Pumi People

作　　者：尹可丽[1] 张积家 熊永翔[3] YIN Keli;ZHANG Jijia;XIONG Yongxiang(Faculty of Education,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming,Yunnan,China,650500;Faculty of Education,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin,Guangxi,China,541004;School of Music and Dance,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming,Yunnan,China,650500)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学教育学部,云南昆明650500 [2]广西师范大学教育学部,广西桂林541004 [3]云南师范大学音舞学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《教育文化论坛》2022年第4期71-80,共10页Tribune of Education Culture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“中国普米人族别识异与民族认同建构研究”(14BMZ047);2019年教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金“多民族聚居地青少年同伴圈子的文化社会化与教育引导研究”(19YJAZH103)。

摘　　要：“族别识异”是指同一民族在族称上被界定为两个甚至多个民族。在20世纪50年代,民族识别使“西番”成为“普米”“藏族”“纳西族”三个不同民族。通过考察云南宁蒗、四川木里的多个普米族群村落,观察普米族人的微信群,从普米族人的民族认同、与周边民族交往交流交融角度考察“族别识异”对普米人民族认同的影响,发现“族别识异”导致同一族源不同称谓的普米人的民族认同趋向于复杂化与动态变化,个体对自身民族身份采取了心理区隔化或心理重塑的调适策略以达到认知平衡。普米人对周边民族的认同以及周边民族对普米人的认同,揭示了族别识异民族的认同心理机制。"Same ethnicity but different ethnic names"refers a phenomenon that people owning same ethnicity and origin but had been identified to two or more different ethnic groups in Chinese ethnic identification work's process.In the 1950s,the ethnic identification made"Xifan"become three different ethnic groups,namely"Pumi""Tibetan"and"Naxi".This paper investigated Pumi villagers from Ninglang,Yunnan and Muli,Sichuan,and got data about Pumi people of WeChat groups through observation,from the perspective of the ethnic identity of the Pumi people,their interaction and integration with the surrounding ethnic groups,to investigate the impact of the phenomenon"same ethnicity but different ethnic names"on the ethnic identity of the Pumi people.The result showed that the phenomenon"same ethnicity but different ethnic names"led to complex ethnic identity that keeps changing of Pumi people with same ethnicity but different ethnic names,and ethnic individuals adopted the strategy of psychological compartmentalization or psychological remodeling to achieve the cognitive balance.The mutual acknowledgement of Pumi people and other ethnic people reveals the identity psychological mechanism for"same ethnicity but different ethnic names",which has great significance in forging solidly the Chinese nation community.

关 键 词：族别识异 民族认同 民族内隐观 民族交往交流交融 

分 类 号：G956[文化科学]