宋明心学的先声:邵雍心学思想发微  

The Pioneer of the Heart-mind Theory in the Song-Ming Period:On the Heart-mind Theory Conceived in Shao Yong’s Thought

作　　者：张恒 ZHANG Heng

机构地区：[1]山东社会科学院国际儒学研究院,山东济南250002

出　　处：《周易研究》2022年第2期103-112,共10页Studies of Zhouyi

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助重点项目:“传统儒家心灵哲学研究”(20FZXA005);山东社会科学院博士基金项目资助。

摘　　要：邵雍在术数上的用力使其常被冠以术数家之称,更有学者干脆将其排除出理学家行列,这些观点有待商榷。邵雍从“心迹之辨”的时代议题入手,试图通过先后天学的建构伸张其“心迹为一”观,对治佛教的“心与迹二”观。在邵雍看来,“心与迹二”之弊在于以此意识心观物难以观见真知,为得真知须扬弃“一己之心”而至“天地之心”。“天地之心”即天地万物之至理,与“道”“太极”同阶,与“性”“命”一致。唯“圣人之心”合于“天地之心”,顺乎万物至理。由此,邵雍苦心经营的宏大象数体系意不在“数”,而在“数”后之“理”,在“理”“性”“心”的超越性贯通,在学为圣人、学为仲尼。尽管邵雍的理论建构在广义理学思潮中并不是那么典型,但他对儒家价值的持守、对超越思维的探求与对圣贤工夫的践履使其跻身理学开拓者行列,并成为宋明心学之先声。Shao Yong’s(1012-1077) achievements in the art of calculation usually make him known as an expert in the art of calculation, and some scholars even simply exclude him from the ranks of Neo-Confucians, something which needs to be further discussed. Shao Yong started from the issue of his times, concerning “debate on heart-mind and traces”, trying to expand his view of “heart-mind and manifestations are one, inseparable” by constructing the scholarship of Former Heaven and Later Heaven to object to the Buddhist view of “heart-mind and manifestations are two, separable”. In Shao Yong’s view, the disadvantage of the latter lies in that it is difficult to get genuine knowledge by observing things in terms of this cognition. In order to obtain genuine knowledge, people must sublate “one’s own heart-mind” and attain the “heart of Heaven and Earth”. The “heart of Heaven and Earth” is the supreme principle of all things in the world, which is at the same level as Dao and Taiji(Supreme Ultimate) and is consistent with human innate tendencies and destiny. Only the heart-mind of sages accords with the “heart of Heaven and Earth” and is consistent with the supreme principle of all things. Therefore, the painstaking efforts of Shao Yong in the construction of a grand image-numerological system does not aim to stop in “number” itself, but also to reveal the “principle” behind “number” and the transcendent consistency of “principle”, “human innate nature” and “heart-mind”;he aimed to learn to be a sage like Confucius. Although Shao Yong’s theoretical construction is not so typical in the trend of Neo-Confucianism in a broad sense, his adherence to the value of Confucianism, his exploration of transcendental thinking, and his practice of cultivation to be a sage, have made him one of the pioneers of Neo-Confucianism;and thus he turned out to be the pioneer of the heart-mind theory in the Song-Ming(960-1644) period.

关 键 词：邵雍 理学 心学 天地之心 心迹之辨 

分 类 号：B244.3[哲学宗教—中国哲学]