二战以来欧美学界大西洋史的研究路径和发展趋势  

Research Approaches and New Directions of Atlantic History in Western Historiography since the Second World War: From Regional to Global

作　　者：魏涛 Wei Tao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学历史学院 [2]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《世界历史》2022年第3期98-114,I0006,I0007,共19页World History

摘　　要：二战后,受费尔南·布罗代尔对地中海史研究的启发以及大西洋共同体意识的推动,大西洋史研究在欧美史学界逐渐兴起。在批判传统的民族国家史观和帝国史观的同时,大西洋史学家主张从地方层面、国家层面以及跨大西洋层面研究大西洋世界的历史。20世纪七八十年代,大西洋史逐渐发展壮大,却依旧把大西洋世界当作一个封闭的地理空间,且研究区域主要集中在欧洲和北美,忽视其他地区和国家与大西洋世界的互动。20世纪90年代和21世纪初,大西洋史逐渐走向繁荣阶段,出现了环大西洋的历史、跨大西洋的历史以及地方与整体相结合的大西洋史这三种研究路径。此后,在全球史和跨国史的冲击下,大西洋史学家对研究方法进行了深刻的反思,提出了次级区域的大西洋史、海底的大西洋史和超区域的大西洋史。如今,大西洋史学强调陆地取向、跨洋取向、半球取向和全球取向,重新焕发生机。尽管研究地域存在差别,但大西洋史可以与帝国史、民族国家史和全球史形成互补,弥补后面三种史学的不足。After the Second World War,illuminated by Fernard Braudel’s study of the Mediterranean world and promoted by consciousness of the Atlantic community,study of Atlantic history gradually rose in Euro-American historical scholarships. While criticising traditional narratives of nation and empire,Atlantic historians advocated to study history of the Atlantic world from local, national and transnational levels. In the 1970s and the 1980s,Atlantic history experienced its prosperous period,yet still assuming that the Atlantic world was a self-contained space and focusing its study area mainly on Europe and North America,totally ignoring interaction of other regions and nations with the Atlantic world. During the 1990s and the early 21century,Atlantic history reached its peak and proposed three types of Atlantic history,including circum-Atlantic,trans-Atlantic and cis-Atlantic history.Since the early 21century,challenged by transnational and global histories,Atlantic history deeply reflected its research methods and proposed three more concepts of Atlantic history,including subAtlantic history, infra-Atlantic history and extra-Atlantic history. After reflection and criticism,Atlantic history emphasises continental,transoceanic,hemisphere and global approaches,attempting to revive its vitality. While differing from each other in research regions, Atlantic history can complement imperial history,national history and global history and make up for the deficiencies of the latter three historiographies.

关 键 词：共同体意识 全球史 地理空间 研究路径 焕发生机 地方层面 批判传统 研究地域 

分 类 号：K091[历史地理—历史学]