“群己权界”中的道德权利与伦理秩序  

Moral Rights and Ethical Order in the“The Rights of Boundary between Group and Self”

作　　者：徐嘉[1] Xu Jia

机构地区：[1]东南大学人文学院,南京210096

出　　处：《学海》2022年第4期184-193,201,共11页Academia Bimestris

基　　金：江苏省道德发展智库、江苏省公民道德与社会风尚协同创新中心项目“中国传统礼乐文化的伦理机制研究”(项目号:2242018S10016)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：道德权利理论不是伦理学中的固有论题,其近几十年的兴起是缘于维护个体利益的需要。而带来的难题是,哪些道德权利必须保护,道德权利不可僭越的边界又是什么。通常采用的以静态的、原子式的方式抽象地分析道德权利,并将道德权利与道德义务关联讨论的方法,不能解答以上问题。对此,“群己权界”的辩证思维方式提供了一个有益的思路。因为个体的“道德权利”与群体的“伦理秩序”处于一个复杂的张力结构中,两种力量相互制约、相互规定,共存于一个动态的、平衡的统一体中。伦理秩序必须尊重个体的生命权、尊严权等基本道德权利,而道德权利也不能冲击伦理秩序的有序、和谐和公正原则。此外,在正常情况下,可以允许道德权利的边界有一定的模糊性,但在特定时期、非常状态下,个体的道德权利受到一定限制,而要保证伦理秩序的优先性。The theory of moral rights is not an inherent topic in ethics.Its rise in recent decades is due to the need to safeguard individual interests.The problem is which moral rights must be protected and what is the boundary that moral rights cannot overstep.The usual method of analyzing moral rights abstractly in a static and atomic way and discussing the relationship between moral rights and moral obligations cannot answer the above questions.In this regard,the dialectical thinking mode of“the Rights of Boundary between Group and Self”provides a useful idea.Because the“moral rights”of individuals and the“ethical order”of groups are in a complex tension structure,the two forces restrict and stipulate each other,and coexist in a dynamic and balanced unity.Ethical order must respect the basic moral rights of individuals,such as the right of life and the right of dignity,and moral rights cannot impact the principles of order,harmony and justice of ethical order.In addition,under normal circumstances,the boundary of moral rights can be allowed to have a certain fuzziness,but in a specific period and abnormal state,individual moral rights are subject to certain restrictions,and the priority of ethical order should be guaranteed.

关 键 词：群己权界 道德权利 伦理秩序 自由 

分 类 号：B82-05[哲学宗教—伦理学]