论荀子的无神论思想  

Research on Xunzi’s Atheism Thought

作　　者：王黎明[1] Wang Liming

机构地区：[1]河南大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《理论界》2022年第5期30-36,共7页Theory Horizon

摘　　要：荀子是先秦时期我国著名的无神论者,集大成的唯物主义思想家。在对“天”的认识上,荀子对“天”进行了唯物主义解释:天是一种自然存在物;自然界有自己的运行规律,天人相分,各有各的职责;人可以“制天命而用之”。在认识论上,荀子坚持朴素唯物主义认识论思想,一定程度上认识到感性认识与理性认识的辩证关系,在知行观上,认识到“行”对于“知”的重要性。荀子对鬼神、卜筮、相人等迷信行为持批判态度。他站在无神论的立场,批判和分析了有神论及其产生的原因,并且用自然科学知识解释了自然界的一些怪异现象。同时,由于阶级立场、社会环境等因素的影响,荀子的思想也是为封建统治者服务的,这导致他的无神论思想具有不彻底性。Xunzi was a famous atheist and a comprehensive materialist thinker in the pre-Qin period.On the understanding of"heaven",Xunzi made a materialist explanation of"heaven":Heaven is a natural existence;Nature has its own rules of operation,and man and nature have their respective duties;People can"use it to make orders".In epistemology,Xunzi adhered to the materialist epistemology,realized the dialectical relationship between perceptual knowledge and rational knowledge to a certain extent,and realized the importance of"doing"to"knowing"in the view of knowing and doing.Xunzi held a critical attitude towards such superstitious behaviors as the view of ghosts and gods,divination and human beings.From the standpoint of atheism,he criticized and analyzed theism and its causes,and explained some strange phenomena in nature with the knowledge of natural science.At the same time,due to the influence of class position,social environment and other factors,Xunzi’s thoughts eventually served the feudal rulers,which ultimately led to his atheism thought is not thorough.

关 键 词：荀子 无神论 天人关系 唯物主义认识论 

分 类 号：B2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]