马克思世界历史理论的具体化与早期美国全球史的时代之思  

The Concretization of Marx’s Theory of World History and the Epochal Thinking of American Global History

作　　者：余伟 Yu Wei

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学社会历史学院

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2022年第2期138-158,M0006,共22页The World History Review

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“概念史视域下的‘证据’与当代西方史学理论范式研究”(项目批准号:21BSS056)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪50年代,苏联学者在马克思世界历史理论指导下编纂了《世界通史》。差不多同时,西方学者也展开了全球史研究。二者志向类似但学理不同。苏联学者以社会的进步性发展观和世界历史的过程统一性观念来展开论述,呈现出经典的历史发展五阶段论模式,一定程度上打破了西欧中心论,但也有着历史简单化和经验绝对化的弊端。中国学者吴于廑吸纳全球史的有益成分,在马克思世界历史理论基础上提出世界历史纵横发展理论,有待当今学者进一步完善。相比之下,美国学者斯塔夫里阿诺斯和麦克尼尔吸纳社会科学成果,主动更新历史解释模式,以文明概念超越民族国家范畴,侧重文明之间的交流,同时存在对文明内部结构认知不足的问题。在历史比较的视野下可见,它们都是时代的需要和学术本身诉求的结果,但苏联模式僵化理解马克思世界历史理论,全球史则把现象与本质混为一谈,都未能彻底打破西方中心论。随着碎片化时代的来临,二者也需要进一步的交流。In the 1950s,Soviet scholars compiled the General History of the World under the guidance of Marx’s theory of world history.At about the same time,Western scholars began to study global history.There are similarities and differences between Soviet and West scholars.Soviet scholars used the concept of social advancement and the notion of the unity of world processes to discuss and present the classic“Five-stage theory”of historical development,which broke the Western European centralism to a certain extent,but still has the drawbacks of simplification of history and absoluteness of experience.In Chinese scholars,Wu Yujing absorbed the beneficial elements of global history and put forward the theory of vertical and horizontal development of world history on the basis of Marx’s theory of world history,which needs to be further improved in the future.In contrast,American scholars(e.g.Stavrianos and McNeill)who absorbed the achievements of social sciences,updated actively the historical interpretation model,and by transcending the category of nation-states with the concept of civilization,focusing on the exchanges between civilizations.But they don’t have enough knowledge of the internal structure of civilization.In general,these views are the result of the needs of the times and the demands of academics themselves,but the Soviet model rigidly understands Marx’s theory of world history,while global history confuses the phenomenon with the essence,and they have failed to completely break the Western centralism.With the advent of the era of fragmentation,both sides need further communication.

关 键 词：马克思世界历史理论 世界通史 全球史 统一性 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]